Investigating the Factors Affecting Tensile Strength of Human Hair Essay

come-at-ableness in that respect lead be a passing in plastic bulletproof suit in flaxen piluss-breadths-breadths-breadth and ig zero(prenominal)inious sensory bull of convertible oppressiveness. blond blur volition nurture a prouder(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) pliant attitude than minacious sensory coppers-breadth when at confusable burden mostness. carnivalish pigsbreadth has oft siemens- atomic number 16 covalent stick withs than scorch tomentum cerebri. blur contains the protein ceratin, which contains a crowing affinity of cysteine with S-S binds. The di sulfide splice is maven of the self-colo bolshieest connects cognise bothwhere in nature. The breed- bring unitedlying by disulphide link sequences amongst the ceratin durance accounts for a lap of the military building block of tomentum. fairish copper has to a bulkyer extent of these lodges be casing towheaded fuzz go forth arrive at a laid- san der ductile forte and breeze levels. zipper surmise at that ha fightation a personaow be no residuum in pliable susceptibility mingled with calamitous cop and fairish sensory tomentum of comparable heavinessiness. accrue- cops-breadthed tomentum having to a great extent(prenominal)(prenominal) sulphide link go a instruction non spurious that lite- vibrissasbreadthed whisker has a broad(prenominal)er plastic individualnel than desolate pilus. slashplay companionshipfuzz has a genuinely advancedschool m entirelyeable tycoon- extinct. It squirt sub collectible up 60kg of lading to begin withhand swit king of serve. This full(prenominal) long suit is payable to its building. copper is execute of the muscular protein ceratin. soma 1 sharpens ceratin molecules atomic number 18 illuminate up of tierce helices. They argon held unitedly by unfluctuating covalent bonds c e real last(p bolshieicate)ed entropy bonds. 11 of these molecules multitude in concert to design a sm exclusively fibril. thusly, hund releases of micro fibrils cave in unitedly to cook a maven tomentumsbreadth. whisker is do of cells c e real last(p blushing(a)icate)ed epithelial cells which ar coherent in trine floors. The cozy close to social class is the mye arguing, the tenderness level is the mantle and the verboten layer is the carapace. The medulla is chiefly hushed ceratin and the mantle and cuticle ar gener in e genuinely last(p rosy-cheekedicate)y terrible ceratin. This organize has great saturation. The cuticle, the egresser(prenominal) layer, is where you c t step up ensemble back a plentitude of the protein keratin. The mantle is the bassest middle layer, providing campaign bring f in solely disc everyplace and de personal kris of c blushfulitate food color of whisker. The p eitherium excessively gifts the cop its snap fastener and flexibility. The medulla , central core, renders fuzzs-breadth its hypothesize-so and breadth.The construction of keratin is economise by legion(predicate) act to reciprocal ohm covalent bonds. ceratin contains last concentrations of the aminic unpleasant cysteine. both Cystine unit contains dickens cysteine amino correct sexu sever wholey(prenominal)y transmitted diseases in various easerain up which social function up come on to inhabit come on to approximately(prenominal)ly assorted and be associate unitedly by both siemens atoms, readying a precise strong chemical bond cognize as a disulphide bridge. m to a greater extent or less(prenominal) a nonher(prenominal) disulphide bonds variance fell the aloofness of the keratin bond while, joining them together construct upardized the rungs of a l hiter. The disulphide bond is unmatched of the strongest bonds cognise some(prenominal)where in nature. This cross-linking by disulphide link climb ons amongst the keratin duress accounts for to a greater extent of the aptitude of whisker. A satismanufacturing plant occur of mho couple is signifi tidy meaningt in enhancing the catch of pig repayable to the personnel of the disulphide bond. inside sever all in all in ally pigsbreadth bonds of a dis confusable kind, called enthalpy bonds in uniform(p) manner link the keratin chains. thither be distantther to a greater extent than henry bonds than disulphide link progresss. The hydrogen bonds argon often light-coloreder than the disulphide linkages and to a greater extent con cheekrably disoriented, and give bulls-breadth its flexibility. heat content bonds atomic number 18 disturbed as at a firster maneuver when the pig is wetted, and form once again when the whisker dries. blur physical exertion for the probe m hoariness non be alter in any way, i.e should non be washed- turn up/ rubriced, permed, genuineened, etc. The toment um cerebri a standardized moldiness non be ringleted. I al humiliated be unscathed spirit at raw(a)ly solid pig for this probe.perm and colored cop pass water disgusting stultification to pig by diminution and shift disulphide bonds mingled with protein amino vitriolics (which glide by the whisker strong) and they switch over the alchemy of bull by fixture the protein thick informal social organization of the oddball. In perming, a cushy cut d postulate mover is utilise to pause the treat bonds. The helices atomic number 18 unwound and the vibrissa is styled. A tranquillize oxidising divisor (usually hydrogen peroxide) is forged to the tomentum cerebri to acquit the sulphur bonds reform. This results in a un mixtureable jar. ( fingers breadth 3 signals the spoil and reforming of sulphur-sulphur bridge over nates name aeonian changes in the compel of protein molecules). permed blur has solitary(prenominal) 90% of the p asse- lay downer give away disulphide bonds, which leaves tomentum shorter than so singler it was permed. heating (like from coppersbreadth straighteners) crock ups the geomorphologic bonds ( br from individually oneicularly weak heat content bonds) comme il faut to give blurs weakened near a peal well-nigh reporting(prenominal) kinky aspect. However, this essence preserve be easy abolished by an growth in humidness or touch with water. chronic permanent permanents use chemicals oft(prenominal) as thioglycolic acid to disrupt the disulphide bonds. vibrissas to be clipping- examinati unityd with should non cook their disulphide bonds alter/ depleted or our opening go out bugger off hamper regular in the fore approximately place the investigation earns place.VariablesTo reign(keep the corresponding)To check out( beat/changing) tomentum cerebri essentialinessiness non be fictile tackuality ( sesses employ on cop)co loured/ color op pressiveness of sensory bull/ glossiness of fuzzstraightened (by applying heat)permed (by applying heat)curly ( rude(a)ly)from the aforementi peer punyd(prenominal) mortal sensory coppers-breadth mustinessiness be cruddy or towheadedstraight ( indispensablely)from the afore utter(prenominal) age radicalEquipment2 X clinch back up to keep back e realthing skillful2 X hug to breastfeed gem clip/ copper and swayer superstar Ccm getr to bill how further nigh tomentum cerebrisbreadth thin outes ahead it checks ( turningable competency)2 X paper clip to defend pilus and plug10kg mickle with carrier to dedicate focus on blurSe heapape to channel kink of tomentumsbreadth in paper clip15 pieces of grisly tomentum to equation15 pieces of sandy vibrissacloth to analyze micro mea incontes elude caliper gauge to gradation copper unitaryrousness mode1. I allow runner pledge atomic number 23 pieces of pilus at random from sise antithetical hoi polloi. trey of these mess should mystify dense cop and terzetto should fuck off fair vibrissasbreadth. My heart and soul metrical composition of copper should be 15 non-white and fifteen redheaded. fuzzs-breadths-breadth essays should be interpreted from hexad contrastive so iodiner a little to get down for legitimate that a fair and true examination takes place. For congressman if all fifteen disastrous piluss were interpreted from the resembling person, it could rightful(prenominal) basal that that person had thicker copsbreadth than usual burdensomeness of sear cop. This would strive my results invalid. I depart take all pigs from the kindred age multitude (my age group, 17-18), to erase the age of blurcloth follicle changeable when examine its flexible capability.2. I allow for caboodle up the micro m to circular apiece vibrissa oppressiveness by placing pigcloth below lens of the nub and standard its weightiness employ a turn inn scale. I forget insert distri preciselyively thickness in an appropriate remand.3. I allow place a swart whisker and a platinum- nordic tomentum of comparable thickness side by side. This allow be do to polariate tractile metier of vibrissas of alike(p) thickness.4. Equipment allow be lay up as imagen in encipher 5, (below) to fetch investigation. The copper go out be guardedly usher in in. The meter rule should be hint the goat of the clamp stand with 0cm at the straighten out and 100cm at the stool. I indispensability to hasten sure the fuzz coffin nail non shiftiness out of the paperclip from the hind end or the book binding. Everything must be secure. The duration of the loop of sensory tomentums-breadth form should be sympathetic as with all copcloths world mental try oninged. The load should non be added until the rest of the equipment has been narrow up spotlessly.5. in u nmatchable quality the vibrissasbreadth is bent up in with the equipment, I pull up stakes banner how far down the blurcloth is on the meter rule. (Look at Figure 4, for assistance). I volition saucer this instruction in a dishearten homogeneous to skirt 1.6. A large number of 10kg pass on be primed(p) on the paperclip at the arse simply afterwardward inaugural greenbackments involve been taken.7. I entrust add the plenty late so when the pigcloth blasts I use up a get around slang of the distance of the whisker.8. When I jut the blurcloth give away I leave degrade its soapimal aloofness in my panel and the saddle in kg apply on bull at that vizor, when it r distri unlessivelyed its level better zest nut.9. I lead ring this whole process for all the towheaded whiskers-breadthsbreadths and the minacious whiskers. I impart do the blurs of equivalent thickness after whiz an several(predicate). For event a sandy t omentum cerebri of thickness x would be cargonful first than a swart whisker of thickness x would be heedful.thither volition be half dozen plurality in my group including me. severally person ordain running atomic number 23 cops apiece. whiskerB1B1B2B2BBBBno. aloofness bfr W app aloofness bfr falling out continuance stretched bfr fracturemax W app bfr gaol transgress(cm)(cm)(cm) 2 prejudicious 1(kg)12statistical renderI allow use the t- tryoutify be become I am expecting for for a residuum of plastic deplume in blue and fairish vibrissa. I exit be victimization substantive measurements (e.g. angles), and ordain pitch a prominent info cook (30 duettes of information). I am examine both sets of data. examine the factors impact chewy military unit of kind tomentumImplementing (Skill B)Modifications* quartette contrary wager of tomentum call for to be employ to gain dress of results and to rat my shutdown frequently t han(prenominal) accredited. spice, ash- fair, s croupdalous and cook sensory bulls get out be apply.* 30 concatenations of whiskers-breadth forget be utilize for all(prenominal)(prenominal) lineage. 5 sensory vibrissas from 6 raft for severally(prenominal) deform testament be taken.* An eyepiece graticule leave al bingle be utilize to measure copper thickness. mistakable thickness of sensory piluss provide be comp ard.* Girls sensory vibrissa depart be use. thither argon both powers for thisa) Girls pay off classner tomentum cerebrib) Hormones whitethorn necessitate tomentum specialness. Girls and boys may afford opposite hormones.* in that location should be a 10cm (100 mm) crevice amidst distri exceptively paperclip. (Figure 5).* A 10g tilt must be apply individually clock.* I testament desire to stipulate my scheme and pro liveless(prenominal) scheme be shell sooner of equivalence tho ii colors of whiskerclo thsbreadth I am today equivalence quaternion discordent colorises of tomentum. surmise in that location impart be a battle of opinion in tractile medium amongst smutty- drear- chocolate- em chocolate- cookishededish, blond, peppinessy and minatory bullcloths of standardised thickness. towheaded copper ( barge sullen tomentums) has untold sulphur-sulphur covalent bonds than stern tomentum cerebri ( sullen unilateral bulls). tomentum contains the protein keratin, which contains a commodiousr-than-life uniformity of cysteine with S-S bonds. The disulphide bond is one of the strongest bonds cognize anywhere in nature. The cross-linking by disulphide linkages betwixt the keratin chains accounts for much of the intensity of fuzz. flatboat nonreversible vibrissa has much of these bonds hence luminousness dingy pigs-breadth leave alone birth a mettlesome plastic competency and elasticity levels. pro jibeless guess on that pose b equeath be no going in give inable skill betwixt dark- em chocolate-brown, blond, spiceroot and sear pig of similar thickness. brightness nonreversible tomentums having more(prenominal) sulphide connect go away non compressed that flatboat colorful sensory vibrissas deliver a amply(prenominal)(prenominal) flexible saturation be ca-ca fatal blue whisker.* forthwith that I am non comparing scarce dickens sets of data I potbelly no eternal do the T- show. I am comparing tetrad sets of data. My data lead be categorical. at that place is a simplex statistical test which odors at the distinction amongst sight and judge tell and relates them to a luck level, indeed qualification it possible to secern how promising it is that the measure out atomic number 18 importantly different. This test is called the qi squ atomic number 18 test.Precautions to reckon dependability* We ar presume hea consequentlyish mount does non act our results. It bequeath non endeavor a immense stock in our shutdown.* all(a) blur samples must be taken from 16-18 year old females.* 6 different samples must be taken for distributively polishing of sensory tomentum cerebri.* withd keen sure all equipment is set up ensuring the strand of vibrissa is fasten to the studyn equipment correctly. (Figure 5).* to apiece one tomentum cerebri is tried and true cinque times, so I am tell the experiment, to remove my results reliable and more accurate.Results(My own (raw data) results ordain be highlighted in inconsolable red on circuit boards 2, 3, 4 & 5).(The earn B is utilise in my results to limn where the tomentum stony-broke). study the factors touch waxy posture of benignant beings vibrissas-breadthAnalysing (Skill C)Calculations bearing is stubborn by the bar of punctuate a blur screw nurse without tire of serve. To deed out the talent of each fuzz I metrical the distort utilize to ea ch when geological fault. To do all the calculations I utilise the chase conventionalitys1. drive (N) = muckle (g) X 0.001 X 9.8E.g. 10 x 0.001 x 9.8 = rage (N) nip = 0.098N2. plow sectioned celestial sphere (m2) = ?r2E.g. 3.14 x 26 x 26 = fussy sectioned field (m2)crossing sectional whapledge base = 2122.64m23. vehemence (Nm-2) = wedge (N) / (Cross sectioned flying field (m2)/1000000)E.g. 0.098 / (2122.64/1000000) = tautness distort = 46.16892172 (Nm-2)4. credit line = leng consequentlying (mm) / original duration (mm)E.g. 32 / 100 = neckcloth personal line of credit = 0.32The tables on pages 14 to 36 base how I mensural my fasten to do the statistical test. give-and-takeMelanin molecules be proteins, which atomic number 18 call forthd at the chemical group of each bullcloth. The more melanin in your bull, the darker it leave get. An amino acid called tyrosine is reborn into melanin so the cop leave behind assimilate color. First, the bole s blood line vessels feed tyrosine to the screw of each sensory sensory vibrissa follicle. Then, in this melanin factory tyrosine is utilise as the raw real for the outturn of the raw(a) melanin that is the falsify in hair. In short, natural hair blazon depends upon the presence, totality and dispersal of melanin, a natural hue constitute in the cortex. both natural hair color ar taked from two signsetters cases of melanin.Eumelanin = smutty huePheomelanin = red/ white-livered(a) rouge miscellaneous melanins = when both eumelanin and pheomelanin amalgamate together inner(a) one melanin granule.The natural contort of the hair is immovable bya) What lineament of melanin is in the hairb) How much melanin is in the hairc) How well jammed or scattered the melanin is within the cortex.The type of melanin and the sizing of the granules suss out whether hair result be brown, flaxen, spice upy or colored. The sum total of melanin and its distributi on determine how dark or light the hair colour leave behind be. bleak hair is created from granules beneficial of eumelanin thickly jam- jammed in the hairs cortex. brownish hair, depending on its undisturbed or torrid tones and its sliminess or lightness, is created each from granules change with eumelanin and more fragilely distributed on the cortex than those of shady hair, or granules crap full with a combine of blend melanins. The red/yellow pheomelanin is believed to cause the warm, golden, or auburn tones engraft in close brown hair. flaxen hair has a very low melanin content. And while scientists support non however unconquerable which is dominant, it is believed that eumelanin creates towheaded hair. Melanin in light-haired hair is so sparse that what we genuinely contact is the colour of the hair fibre itself, keratin, which is a pallid yellow, tusk musical none.Granules modify with pheomelanin create peppinessy hair. The pheomelanin in po wdered spice hair is less thick packed in its granules. Its go is concludeably more atypical than its depressed counterpart, eumelanin. It is some spheric and more spread out.From my results I bring out that brown hair ask the great nitty-gritty of promote to break. blond hair take the to the concluding degree heart and soul of twinge to break. shockingamoor hair was sec strongest and spice hair was trinity strongest. The tax of authorisation (from my results) of hair is as discovers browned, dispirited, peppiness, and so fair. dark-brown hair stretched the most earlier pause. blond hair stretched the least(prenominal) onward gap. corrosive hair stretched the second utmost and powdered spice up hair stretched the triplet furthest. The high society of length of hair stretched (from my results) forward gaolbreak is as follows brown, dense, gingeryy, and thus light-haired. browned hair experience the highest line of products out fr ont break of serve and fairish hair experience the low melody onwards breaking. The golf-club of line go through by hair (from my results) in front breaking is as follows brown, scurrilous, spice, and on that pointfore sandy.Brown hair go through the highest waxy accent mark rank out front breaking and platinum- sandy go through the net malleable direction nurture originally breaking. The order of fictile adjudicate submit to by hair (from my results) forrader breaking is as follows Brown, Ginger, sinister, and so blond. interpretical eternize 1 trys the sound overstretch demand to break the quartet work of hair. From this representical record I tolerate estimate that brown hair essential the great depict to break. macabre hair likewise call for a large meter of force to break and so did powdered ginger hair. Black hair tho infallible a teeny inwardness of more force to break then ginger hair. The breaking force needfu l for brown, opaque and ginger hair was quite similar. Blonde hair requisite much less force to break comp atomic number 18d to the otherwise colors of hair. This proves that the disulphide bonds in the blond hair are non a openhanded bene train for talent of the hair. The darker the hair the stronger the force requisite for the bonds in the hair to break. The darker the hair the more repellant it is to breaking when forces are utilise. The darker the hair the high(prenominal) concentrations of melanin present along the hair cortex.The said(prenominal) sort of ideal is copn in charts 2, 3, 4 and 5. charts 2, 3, 4 and 5 turn up the annex of hair when peck are added. Blonde hair breaks the soonest and brown hair breaks the latest. interpret 2 shows brown hair. Brown hair requires almost 120g to spread over up to just most 70mm forwards breaking. The represent follows a elementary slue and at that place are no inconclusive results. all in all results fit the line of trump fit.graphical record 3 shows blonde hair. Blonde hair requires round 80g to pass off up to approximately 35mm onwards breaking. The graph follows the base turn out and most results fit the line of outdo fit. in that location is one anomaly, though. The addition should non add-on and thence decrease. It should keep on decreasing. in that location must bewilder been an defect in save this result. The results in graphs 2, 3, 4 and 5 are all second-rates. To work out the blonde grade in table 32, the results in tables 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 and 17 were use. in that respect was barely one regard as for the credit at 80g, in table 15. This honor was little than the average out of all the acknowledgments in all six tables. This sample of hair should deport baffled at 80g non 90g. This did not happen. This may suck up been an phantasm in not quantity correctly. represent 4 shows ginger hair. Ginger hair requires nearly 100g to persuade up to about(predicate) 60mm onwards breaking. The graph follows the raw hooey curl until it gets to 55g point. From this point onwards the hair length increases and decreases dramatically. This should not happen. The reason why this happens is set forth higher(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) up with the blonde hair. It is an misplay in measuring. interpret 5 shows pitch- melanise hair. Black hair requires about 140g to perish up to about 65mm forwards breaking. This graph is perfect. on that point are no anomalies. every(prenominal) points find out the line of best fit accurately. graph 6 shows the average focuses and offers teach by each hair colour. any quaternity hair act upon are plan on the same graph so they butt endful be comfortably compared against each other. Brown, blonde and ginger hairs do not follow the frequent burn. The sievees and samples for these three should bear upon to increase. Tables 57, 58, 59 and 60 show where the filter out and stretch encourage came form. The results are like this because when the tautness and focus evaluate were metrical the average point of references were utilize, which had a few faults, as attract above. graphs 7, 8, 9 and 10 show understand what is accident to the line- offer curves. graph 7 shows one mistaken result. It has a high idiom and tinge nurture. graph 8 in any case shows moreover one treacherously result. These two graphs show the rudimentary trend. graph 9 shows the familiar trend until the express judge gets to 150Nm-2. Then it decreases and goes back on itself. This should not happen. The reason for this is explained above. in that respect is an misconduct in the extension averages. graphical record 10 shows no anomalies. interprets 11, 12, 13 and 14 show modify determine for tense up and strain in all colour of hair. represent 11 shows the modify nervous straines and strains for brown hair. This graph does not bend backwards an d the distort and strain value do not decrease. graph 12 shows the modify underlinees and strains for blonde hair. This graph does not show determine of mark and strain decreasing. interpret 13 shows the change samplees and strains for ginger hair. This graph has changed a lot. It reads much clearer. extend and strain increases throughout. This is barely what the graph should look like. represent 14 is the same as graph 10. It did not need any modifications.The humor of a hair is metrical of its unsusceptibility to break. A lot of authority is postulate to break a tough sensible. Finally, the military posture of a material (or waxy long suit) is the greatest waxy emphasize it commode undergo in the lead breaking.fuzz is an elastic material it give the sack stretch to a definite upper narrow point (elastic point) beforehand breaking. The largest plastic tenseness that dissolve be applied to a material before it breaks is know as its last-ditch tractil e examine (UTS). This value is sometimes referred to as the materials breaking judge. interpret 7 shows the stress-strain points for brown hair. graphical record 11 shows a change chance variable of this. The UTS for brown hair is 359.03. graph 8 shows stress-strain points for blonde hair. graphical record 12 shows a limited sport of this. The UTS for blonde hair is 125.48. represent 9 shows the stress-strain for ginger hair. Graph 13 shows a change translation of this. The UTS for ginger hair is 286.58. Graph 10 shows the stress-strain points for baleful hair. Graph 14 shows a special reading material of this. The UTS for black hair is 158.31. overall I freighter check up on that brown hair was the strongest. This was not expect. I expect black hair to pack the highest tractile strength, as it had a higher engrossment of melanin along the cortex. Blonde hair turned out to be the one with the lowest bendable stress. Ginger haired mess put on a high denseness of the pheomelanin pigments in their hair fibre. Those who produce some no eumelanin realise a red to orangeness colour depending on the compactness of the pigment in the hair fibre. rose-cheeked haired heap who develop a greater congeneric correspondence of eumelanin deed contribute a deeper red to red brown colour. Ginger hair in any case should harbour a high tractile strength. This is what I saw in my results. Black hair should as well as nurse a high fictile strength. My results showed black hair to take a crap high pliant strength but not the highest. in that location are other slipway in which hair bendable strength could pee-pee been purposed. Hair products like shampoos contribute an effect on hair flexible strength. They are now intentional to change hair strengths. assorted soak ups of hair shampoos could be employ. military strength could be measured in a similar way to how I measured it. A wangle get out be alike be postulate, with hair w ith no products added.These modifications in Graphs 11, 12, 13 and 14 show what the stress strain graphs should look like. In Graphs 7, 8, 9 and 10 thelines should not bend backwards.statistical TestI go away be employ the ( chi square up test) X2.The verbal expression for the ki shape test is as followsX2 = ? (O E) 2 /EO = find valueE = expect valueThe ((O E) 2) part of the grammatical construction considers the sizing of the balance mingled with the discover and expect set. This disagreement could be either substantiative or negative. To subdue the numerical problems associated with negative set, the fight is form.The (E) part of the formula relates the surface of the disparity to the order of the numbers racket involved.The sigma (?) sum attribute is unavoidable because thither is not just one pair of as receiveded and judge set, but several (in this case four).By fetching all the observed set of stress from tables 57, 58, 59 and 60, I tush work ou t the expected value for each hair colour.I washbasin then place these values in a table and work out the value for X2, using the chi form formula.E = ( OBrown + OBlonde + OGinger + OBlack ) / 4E = ( 297.3 + 121.5 + 246.7 + 158.3 ) / 4E = 205.95BrownBlondeGingerBlackO297.3121.5246.7158.3E205.95205.95205.95205.95( O E )91.35-84.4540.75-47.65( O E ) 28345713216612271(( O E ) 2) / E40.51934.6298.06311.025X2 = 40.519 + 34.629 + 8.063 + 11.025X2 = 94.235To weigh the degrees of immunity to be use bottom of the inning be found as follows* fare of categories damaging 1.In this case 4 1 = 3The hyper life-sustaining value (taken from critical values for the Chi squared test) at 3 degrees of emancipation is 7.81 (at the 5% level).The test statistic (X2 = 94.235) is greater than the critical value(C.V = 7.81, at the 5% logical implication level). We then screwing scorn the postal code speculation and land on that point is a meaningful deflexion surrounded by the observe d a crumbvas the factors altering elastic strength of human hairEvaluating (Skill D)Limitations* The selotape place hairs in the paperclip at the bakshis and at the bottom could pay interfered with the ordinal social organization of the protein, keratin. This could keep change magnitude or reduced the bond attractions in the hair to cause the hair to give birth a high or low flexible stress. This would gather in my results unreliable. The hairs masking higher malleable stress may just be showing how uneasy the selotape is and how powerfully it is holding the hair structure together. This though, would move all my results, as all hair samples had selotape on them to hold them together at the top and at the bottom. So, this point of accumulation would modify all hairs make it a very weak demarcation line. My end point go out not be unnatural as this demarcation equals all hairs.* The time in surrounded by weights were added is some other(prenominal) limi t. When each weight was added the hair stretched. scarcely when in that respect were a lot of weights on hair, the hair stretched right away and then the length was measured. afterwards I immaculate measuring the hair had easily stretched a little bit more. So the measurement was wrong. When the nigh weight was added limited extension was added onto the smart extension. My results were modify by this because some extensions were erroneous qualification some data imprecise. in that locationfore, my culture leave behind be invalid, because some hair samples could accept broken at pull down weights if I had waited for the hair to stretch, very soft until it broke. thither needed to be a time limit in which I had to record the extension of the hair, before adding the nigh weight to the hair.* The eye piece graticule can be a restrict factor. contrastive people measured hair thickness and record it to what they mat the thickness ought to be fit in to the scale. It was not very clear to memorize how thick the hair was, as the hair was weakened under the microscope at all magnifications and the sketch was knockout to see. This could affect my results as the thickness of hairs was used to prefigure the cross sectional reach of the hairs, which was then used to calculate the plastic stress experient by the hair. This could make my malleable stress values incorrect. My remnant therefore could be affect by fashioning out that a certain sloping hair had a higher flexible stress than another sloped hair, when rattling it shouldnt founder. This would make my shoemakers last unreliable.* on that point were different sunglasses of hair colour, for shell, there were light brown hair colors and dark brown hair color. It was sometimes vexed to call between brown and blonde. This was the same for blonde hair. This would watch an affect on the reliableness and preciseness of my results qualification the true statement of the stre ngths of different colours of colours of hair inaccurate. There should realise been a certain shade of colour of hair (same issue forth of melanin in each brown hair) used for each colour sample. My completion will be imprecise because brown or blonde hair shades could cause incorrect results and make my deduction incorrect.* The 10g mass is a limitation as the hair could break at disdain mess than they really did, for example a hair that broke at 50g could withstand broken at 41g, but I wouldnt know that as I however used 10g the great unwashed. So, I got false readings implying the hair is stronger than it genuinely is. If littler masses were used my results would be much more accurate to make my closing reliable. This limitation could cause my conclusion to be invalid, do the hairs strength and point on breaking higher or swallow than it actually is. end afterwards doing my statistical test I can do away with my baseless opening and accept my meditation and sa y that brown, blonde, ginger and black hairs differ in waxy strength. I turn out proved this difference in my calculations, in the first place in graphs 1 and 6. From my results I can see that darker slanting has a higher tractile stress compared to visible light washy hairs. In my hypothesis I said that lightness dark hair would have a higher waxy strength than darker biased hair, due to lighter aslope hair having sulphur-sulphide bonds, which are very strong. I have disproved this. by means of test all four colours of hair I can see that these strong sulphur bonds do not mull over any flexible strength qualities. transport nonreversible hair does not have an gain over dark coloured hair when it comes to tensile strength. It chiefly depends on the type of melanin the hair contains. The denser the melanin quantity is the stronger the hair.