Free Essay on Shakespeares Macbeth - Deceitful Lady Macbeth :: Free Essay Writer

Deceitful Lady Macbeth Lady Macbeths wicked persona has an extreme impact towards her husband. Lady Macbeth is responsible for influencing her husband to commit both crimes she unleashes the dark side of him and motivates him to become an evil and horrendous man. In various parts throughout the story we find that Lady Macbeth strives beyond limits to be reborn into a bitter and sour women. The audience is revolted by her horrific actions and al kibibytegh she may seem repugnant, she is an extremely talented actor. In her role, having a deceitful and convincing character is important We start to see Lady Macbeths actions have a huge impact on Macbeths character as he transforms from a decent being to an overly bitter creature. The cause of his alteration is due to the fact that Lady Macbeth is continuously excreting heartless information into his mind. Art thou afeard to be the same in thine own act and valour as thou art in desire? (Ivii39-41) And, to be more(prenominal) than wha t you were, you would be so much more the man. (Ivii50-51) Lady Macbeth uses these quotes to push her husband beyond limits and is therefore responsible for his dramatic change in attitude. She is constantly feeding his thoughts with negative comments and later on Macbeth realizes that he has another side to him. As he moves along to discover the concealed side of him, Macbeth falls in love with himself and begins to be drawn towards his evil desires. Because Lady Macbeth was the main cause of his new hidden discovery, she is fully responsible for opening up the door and allow the darkness in. This results in Macbeth committing both murders. In the beginning of the play, Lady Macbeth is overly whelmed by the letter she receives about Macbeth. This pushes her to the extreme and causes her to react outrageously. Come, you spirits that tend on mortal thoughts, unsex me heremake thick my bloodtake my milk for gall, you murdering ministerscome thick night. (Iv40-50) All these images o f darkness and horror discontinue the true character of Lady Macbeth she feels the need to become wicked. Her attitude is even more horrific when she calls on evil spirits to come and possess her, victorious control of her actions. This sort of behavior causes the audience and reader to assume Lady Macbeth is a psychopath, and therefore would have reason to hold her responsible for having a study impact on her husband and driving him off, enlightening a twisted sinister and threatening dark side of him.

Euthanasia should not be legalized in the US Essay examples -- Mercy K

For the past decade all over the world, one of the most argued and debated about topics has been a patients right to choose to end his or her life by means of euthanasia. Euthanasia is the practice of ending a life in a painless manner. It has been and still remains an extremely controversial topic in the US. Does a person have the right to die? Should euthanasia be legalized? Legalizing euthanasia has become a burning topic to doctors, societies, governments, and nations. To me, the US government should non legalize euthanasia.I agree that people should have the right to do anything they want to do, but the death of a human is something that should not be controlled by another human. Life is a divine gift that really matters to all. concord to Pope John Paul II, A man, even if seriously sick or prevented in the exercise of its higher functions, is and will be always a man. He will never become a vegetable or an animal. The intrinsic value and personal dignity of every human being does not change depending on their circumstances. Also, most of the people, who ask for the hel...

Colonialists vs primitive political organizations :: essays research papers

Native large number who occupied what is now North America had unalike political practices and it was the so called primitive government. The thought that they had a non political governing made the Europeans misunderstand the social structure of the natives. They thought that there is a miss of leadership and inhabitants were at a state of anarchy and underdevelopment. This misapprehension was a result of the political authority measurements Europeans considered natives did not fool any while westerners had too much.When first arrived to southeasterly Central America, radicalcomers were staggered with the society they came upon this society is so different than the western legitimization of authority. The thinking of no law, no religion, and no king did not make any maven to westerners and that gave them an image of an infant stage of humanity that did not progress as a human binge should. In Europe, the social hierarchy had a monarch butterfly who have a supremacy over pe oples lives and can make a decision on behalf of the whole community in matters that caution them all. With that they accepted the definition of power in equipment casualty of violence and subordination. The state held the restricted rights and privileges to violence and justice and it can use these rights in any guidance it attains fit. Westerns in new America did not see that in the primitive society. They failed to see that it was a society functioning on its own but in a way alien to their ways level the early liberals in North America had these thoughts. In such societies power did exist but as a part of a hierarchy and domination. even up the early liberals in North America had these thoughts.It is unattainable to divide societies among the lines of the existence of political power and the lack of it and this is a mistake that Europeans did fall in to when arrived to the new land. Political power is innate to social power in any given society which makes it shady to thi nk that the original occupants of the land did not have any. Like any other society the primitive society will face a appointment between norms and reality and they will try to counterbalance the old norm with the new reality with their own political interpretations of symbols and actions.Although Seventeenth century America had a somewhat liberal democratic agenda, it botched to accept the democratic measures of native tribes.Colonialists vs primitive political organizations essays research papers Native people who occupied what is now North America had different political practices and it was the so called primitive government. The thought that they had a non political organization made the Europeans misunderstand the social structure of the natives. They thought that there is a lack of leadership and inhabitants were at a state of anarchy and underdevelopment. This misapprehension was a result of the political authority measurements Europeans considered natives did not have any while westerners had too much.When first arrived to south Central America, newcomers were staggered with the society they came upon this society is so different than the western legitimization of authority. The thinking of no law, no religion, and no king did not make any sense to westerners and that gave them an image of an infant stage of humanity that did not progress as a human binge should. In Europe, the social hierarchy had a Monarch who have a supremacy over peoples lives and can make a decision on behalf of the whole community in matters that concern them all. With that they accepted the definition of power in terms of violence and subordination. The state held the restricted rights and privileges to violence and justice and it can use these rights in any way it sees fit. Westerns in new America did not see that in the primitive society. They failed to see that it was a society functioning on its own but in a way alien to their ways even the early liberals in North Ame rica had these thoughts. In such societies power did exist but as a part of a hierarchy and domination. Even the early liberals in North America had these thoughts.It is unattainable to divide societies among the lines of the existence of political power and the lack of it and this is a mistake that Europeans did fall in to when arrived to the new land. Political power is innate to social power in any given society which makes it questionable to think that the original occupants of the land did not have any. Like any other society the primitive society will face a conflict between norms and reality and they will try to reconcile the old norm with the new reality with their own political interpretations of symbols and actions.Although Seventeenth century America had a somewhat liberal democratic agenda, it botched to acknowledge the democratic measures of native tribes.

Hockey-The Rodney Dangerfield Of Sports Essay -- essays research paper

Hockey, The Rodney Dangerfield Of SportsIn the US, there are four major sports football, baseball, basketball, and hockey. Out of the four, hockey gets the least amount of respect. This is something that bothers me as hockey player and fan, and it in any case bothers other hockey fans around the country. They way that hockey is covered in the newspapers, on television, and not just professional hockey. It goes the same for college hockey and excessively spicy school hockey.Lets start at the top with the NHL. The NHL has a TV deal with ESPN and ABC so that the two companies share the Stanley transfuse Finals. The NHLs championship series. (It should also be noted that ABC owns ESPN). The problem with TV deal is that ESPN is a paid for cable station, which means that you can only watch the finals games on ESPN if you gestate cable. Because of this, hockey doesnt get as much exposure as other sports do too a new audience. The World Series is on FOX or NBC, the NBA Finals are on NB C, and the Super Bowl is on FOX, CBS, or ABC. All of those stations are free to a viewer with a television. There is no monthly charge for service of those stations unlike ESPN. This is where hockey gets shafted, the NHL is the only sport that has its championship game or series on cable TV where only a specific audience as access to it as opposed to the entire nation.But it is not just the Cup Finals that are on cable te...

Good Vs. Evil in To Kill a Mockingbird and Macbeth :: comparison compare contrast essays

Good Vs. Evil in To Kill a Mockingbird and Macbeth      In literature, evil often triumphs but never conquers. By definition, a triumph is only short- term. For example, something short- term would be an achieved title, a victor in a battle, or a winner in a game. These three things argon only temporary, as triumphs usu aloney are in novels. By definition, when something is conquered, it remains conquered perpetually. Usually the evil force is unable to conquer, because of the opposition sides mentality. Because of these definitions, this debate is showing that even though evil characters or actions prevail in battles or events, the feat would not last forever, especially in the hearts and minds of the opposite side. I agree with this statement because there is proof that this is true in novels that I have read. Many novels have this common question good versus evil. This theme is unquestionably shown in two works, Macbeth and To Kill A Mockingbird.   Macbeth is a tragic play about a man who lusted after power, stole the throne of Scotland from the rightful(prenominal) Prince Malcolm, and threw the country into chaos throughout his evil reign. In the end, his own greed and guilt consumed him. Ironically, at the beginning of the play, Macbeth has everything going for him. This is an example of situational irony, because the audience sees him acquiring all of this power very rapidly, and would not expect that he would lose it all in the end. Macbeth, manipulated and encouraged by his own wife, murders King Duncan in order to stamp down the throne for himself. The stolen crown gives him no satisfaction, for he is riddled with guilt over the murder and fear of being discovered. All of these foul things Macbeth does to gain the throne are considered to be evil triumphs, which fuels his greed even more. In his own mind, he faces serious internal conflict, seeing these triumphs as not enough, because he wants to achieve a utocratic power. The climax of the play is at the banquet scene, when Macbeth can no longer hide his anguish and convicts himself saying Thou canst say I did it. From this point on in the play, this is the end for Macbeth.

Good Vs. Evil in To Kill a Mockingbird and Macbeth :: comparison compare contrast essays

Good Vs. Evil in To Kill a Mockingbird and Macbeth      In literature, perversive often triumphs but never conquers. By definition, a triumph is only short- term. For voice, something short- term would be an achieved title, a victor in a battle, or a winner in a game. These three things are only temporary, as triumphs usually are in novels. By definition, when something is conquered, it remains conquered perpetually. Usually the evil fight is unable to conquer, because of the opposite sides mentality. Because of these definitions, this statement is showing that even though evil characters or actions prevail in battles or events, the feat would non last forever, especially in the hearts and minds of the opposite side. I agree with this statement because there is proof that this is true in novels that I have read. Many novels have this common theme good versus evil. This theme is unquestionably shown in two works, Macbeth and To Kill A Mockingbird.   Macbeth is a tragic play about a man who lusted afterward power, stole the throne of Scotland from the rightful Prince Malcolm, and threw the country into chaos throughout his evil reign. In the end, his own greed and guilt consumed him. Ironically, at the beginning of the play, Macbeth has everything going for him. This is an example of situational irony, because the audience sees him acquiring all of this power very rapidly, and would not expect that he would lose it all in the end. Macbeth, manipulated and encouraged by his own wife, murders king Duncan in order to seize the throne for himself. The stolen crown gives him no satisfaction, for he is riddled with guilt over the murder and fear of being discovered. All of these choke back things Macbeth does to gain the throne are considered to be evil triumphs, which fuels his greed even more. In his own mind, he faces serious internal conflict, seeing these triumphs as not enough, because he wants to achieve absolute power. The climax of the play is at the banquet scene, when Macbeth can no longer hide his anguish and convicts himself set uping Thou canst say I did it. From this point on in the play, this is the end for Macbeth.

Stereochemistry: Addition of Bromine to Trans-Cinnamic Acid

STEREOCHEMISTRY ADDITION OF BROMINE TO trans-CINNAMIC ACID Required Prelab ReadingsMcMurry Chapter 5, Sections 8. 2 & 21. 2 Morhig, Sections 7. 1 and 7. 3. Previous techniques that you must know and be able to perform Suction Filtration and Melting Point This taste is designed to demonst compute two concepts. First, it will provide a demonstration of how chemists can wasting disease chemical reactions to understand reaction mechanisms. Second, is the concept of multi-step tax deduction. You will be performing the following reaction Isomer IIsomer II + Enantiomer+ EnantiomerBrominetrans-Cinnamic Acid2,3-Dibromo-3-phenylpropanoic acid MW 160 g/molMW 148 g/molMW 308 g/mol bp 60 Cmp 133-134 Cmp 93-95 Cmp 202-204 C When an electrophile, such as atomic number 35, transmits to an alkene, the addition can be done in a syn fashion, in which the two groups add to the same side of the molecule, or in an anti fashion, in which the groups add to opposite sides of the molecule. Depending on t he mode of addition, syn or anti, and the stereochemistry of the starting alkene, various stereoisomers will result. In some cases, a racemic mixture of produces is formed, other times a meso compound is produced.Feature Article Free-Radical BrominationThe Fischer projections shown above ar two possible stereoisomers that could form in the bromination reaction that you will perform. One is the result of a syn addition, the other is the result of an anti addition mode. Note that each would form as a racemic mixture, (+). You are to determine, based on the melting point of your crossroad, which pair of enantiomers is produced. By knowing which enantiomeric pair is formed one can predict a plausible mechanism. mesmerism you can predict the stereochemical outcome of a syn vs. anti addition of bromine to alkenes before you step foot into the laboratory.The simplest example of a multi-step synthesis is to examine closely any commercial medicine. Almost without exception that medicine was prepared by a series of reactions rather than in a single step. A multi-step synthesis generally requires a chemist to perform a chemical reaction, isolate, purify and characterize the product and then use that product as the starting hearty for the next reaction. You will be using the product of this reaction as your starting material next week. It will be important for you to have the product from this week properly identified so you can correctly predict the product of next weeks reaction. The most time-consuming part of this experiment is setting up the glassware. Be sure all fittings are tight, well-greased, and clamped so as to prevent any escape of bromine vapors into the laboratory environment. An existing set-up is provided for you in the lab for you to look at. ? You will need to set up the apparatus as shown in figure 7. 4 a on paginate 63 of Mohrig. NOTEYou are responsible for calculating the amount of trans-cinnamic acid (in grams) equivalent to 4mmol. You must h ave this done before you enter the lab. HazardsMolecular bromine is extremely toxic and corrosive its vapors are damaging to the skin eye and respiratory tract. Wear gloves and UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES ARE YOU TO adjourn THE BROMINE STOCK SOLUTION FROM THE HOOD. Only remove your bromine solution in the stoppered funnel. Sodium thiosulfate reduces Br2 to Br-1. When working with Br2, always keep a store of 5% sodium thiosulfate handy for rinsing the skin in case of contact. Experimental ? Assemble a 50 mL round-bottom flask with a Claisen head, reflux condenser, and addition funnel. Into the round-bottom flask, add trans-cinnamic acid (4 mmol) and 10 mL of methylene chloride.Add a stir bar. ? Obtain 4. 0 mL of a 1. 0 M solution of bromine in methylene chloride in the addition funnel. Attach a heating mantle and variac and heat the mixture to a still reflux. The variac setting should initially be 25-30. Adjust this setting as necessary until the solution is refluxing . ? While it is r efluxing, add the bromine solution at a rate of two drops per second. You need not loosen the stopper on the funnel for the bromine addition due to the high density of methylene chloride. The red-orange color of the bromine should dissipate as it reacts with the mixture.Continue to reflux for an additional 10 minutes after the last of the bromine has been added. ? The color of your final solution should be a genuinely pale yellow. If the red-orange color persists after the 10 min, add cyclohexene dropwise (1-2 mL) until the red color disappears. ? Remove the reaction flask and cool it in an ice bath for 10 minutes with a greased stopper on top. Allow the product, 2,3-dibromo-3-phenylpropanoic acid, to crystallize. ? Meanwhile, disassemble the rest of the reflux apparatus and sit it in the back of your hood to forego the fumes to dissipate.Rinse the glassware with a small amount of sodium thiosulfate to destroy any remaining bromine. ? Collect the crystalline product by suction-fil tration, and rinse with a minimal amount of ice-cold methylene chloride. Allow it to air-dry and record the mass and melting range of the product. Have your instructor check the weight of your product and initial this value in your lab notebook. Save all of your product as it is the starting material for next week. STEREOCHEMISTRY Addition Of Bromine To trans-Cinnamic Acid entropy SHEET NAME Section Number Overall Reaction (including stereochemistry, Symyx Draw) Mass of acid Theo mmol product mmol of acidTheo mass product Volume of Br2 soln Mass recovered product mmol of Br2 mmol recovered product % yield of product Melting point of recovered product Literature melting point Calculations (notebook) maculation Lab Questions 1. What is the stereochemical relationship between Isomer I and Isomer II? 2. white plague perspective drawings, Fischer Projections and words, to demonstrate whether syn addition of bromine to trans-cinnamic acid results in Isomer I or Isomer II. take over th e process for anti addition. NOTE CAREFULLYThe query is about mode of addition (syn vs. anti), not mechanisms do not use curved arrows to explain your answer.3.Based on your results, did the addition occur by a syn or anti mode? Explain your reasoning. 4. Provide the electron-pushing mechanism for this reaction and show how both enantiomers are produced. Use perspective representations to draw structures. Assign the R / S configuration to each stereocenter in the products. 5. Using perspective drawings with the correct stereochemistry, redraw the pair of enantiomers you drew in question 4 and show how each can be redrawn as the Fischer projection of Isomer I, Isomer II, or the enantiomer. Clearly label all stereocenters as R or S. 6. immortalize the products of the following electrophilic addition reactions (symyxdraw)

Behavior Modification Project

I feignt remember exactly when I took to smoking or how the habit had developed in me. How perpetually I remember well that my pattern of smoking has been fairly consistent, at least for the buy the farm couple of years, smoking ab step to the fore half-dozen cig bettes a mean solar day. There are of course days when I shed have a couple of cigarettes much(prenominal) or less too. Most of my friends dont smoke and they dont like smoking in their presence, although they wouldnt object it on the face. I am aware of the risks of smoking, its association with cancer and strokes, and had long decided to abandon it.I had convinced myself that I need to give up smoking. However I didnt have a plan or deadline for it not that I was ignorant of this fact. I knew that to get rid of any habit, one should have a cover plan and an anticipated schedule. In my mind, I believed I would soon be implementing one for myself. Unfortunately I did no topic in an effort to quit smoking, lone slig htly(prenominal) compensating it with a finding that I have a strong untested will post and can easily quit whenever I complimentsed. It never enamored me that the quitting should start now.It so happened, that I had an opportunity last month to attend a seminar on Modern lifestyle trends and its impact on health. cave in the speaker emphasized that habits like smoking, alcoholism, drugs, sexual attitudes can only be reversed when it is within a reversible range. He said it was his personal thought process that chronic addicts cannot come off of it, no matter what the de-addiction programs he or she goes by. He then went on to give scary facts that awaited the pursuers of these habits. This was when I got in truth scared, and decided to call it a day.I knew I was not a chronic smoker although I thanked God he didnt define a chronic smoker. I realized and accepted the fact that I had not made even the slightest attempt, to give up smoking. I took a resolution that quitting efforts would start undecomposed here and right now. I was careful enough not to fall back on Behavior adjustment Project 3 my will power and put it through an acid test, by deciding to quit immediately. I began to plan a way of achieving a no smoking state in a gradual way. I was happy that although my efforts to quit smoking had been late, it was being done cautiously.Had I taken an unplanned and arbitrary decision, like stopping direct and if it had rebounded, there were chances that I would probably never get out of it. For the first workweek, I had decided that I would smoke no more than six cigarettes a day, so as to average about six or lesser pattern per day. For the second week, I had planned a reduction of two cigarettes a day, so as to average about four or less per day. Then the most important third week, where I further reduced the number of cigarettes to just two per day. Then the hopefully successful fourth week, where I would be a non-smoker.Although I was conf ident, I was apprehensive of the possibility of achieving these goals. I recollected the clock when I didnt have a cigarette and desperately needed one, and to the extent I went, to get one. As my goal to quit smoking is to be achieved only in stages, I thought it necessary to reward myself whenever I reach the goal, for the week. This would not only be an encouragement for me, but also an citation of meeting target for that week. I decided to treat myself to a half hour, either in a flight simulator or with friends.This was my roadmap to quit smoking, planned in detail. The first week wasnt difficult as it was almost like any before the only difference being that it should not exceed six any day. However, I considered this week as a crucial one because this was the first week I was ever under smoking conditions. I smoked only about five dollar bill for most days of this week. The second week was more difficult, as I could smoke only four or less. here(predicate) too I tried to toleraterict to the least possible and I smoked less than the target. I smoked only about three per day for most days, touching four only twice that week.I allowed and enjoyed the treat I promised myself, after each week. Then came the ultimate third week Behavior Modification Project 4 where I had to be more resistive to temptations just two cigarettes a day. It was indeed difficult but I was determined, and knew it was worth it. On the third day of the third week, I had a feeling that things might become extremely difficult, and even impossible in the fourth week. Third week looked achievable, but I feared the fourth ultimate week, where I had to be without cigarettes.I realized, I needed any possible help to observe me off cigarettes. I conjugate a meditation class by the mid of the third week. By the time fourth week started, I felt I could comfortably keep off cigarettes for the week. I didnt feel the urge to smoke one that entire week. In fact, I would say, the fourth week was the most comfortable and a confident one as I felt that smoking was no longer a problem with me. When I went for my treat that weekend, I sensed the feel of being a non-smoker, for the first time.Behavior Modification ProjectWorking out is something I genuinely enjoy doing, but I almost eer find some excuse as to why I cannot exercise more than going to Zumba twice a week. Its not that I dont care about losing weight or staying in shape its just that the outcome of workings out is too small to restrain my behavior. The contingency for working out is ineffective. Ineffective contingencies fail to control our behavior because the outcomes are either too small (though of cumulative significance) or too improbable.I have a given take aim of health, I work out twice a week for 60 minutes, and then I have an infinitesimally greater level of health. Although my level of health increasing is small and cumulative, I know neither my body image nor my weight will change by working out one time. I know getting my butt to the gym several times per week will reduce my body fat, but there are several competing contingencies that prevent me from doing so. For example, E. R. is one of my favorite T. V. shows that I love to watch if I have some spare time in my day, I would much rather watch Dr.Carter put in a chest tube to save a little girls life than sweat through two tank tops at the gym. If I go to the gym I will lose the opportunity to watch E. R. My performance objective is to utilisation at least five days a week for at least 40 minutes. The type of exercise does not matter it can embroil cardio, aerobics classes, toning exercises, or any combination. I did not specify exact days I had to work out, just that I have to work out five of seven days a week. For my intervention I implemented an avoidance of loss contingency.An avoidance of loss contingency is the response contingent streak of the removal of a reinforcer resulting in an increased frequency of the response. Each time that I missed any of the five days or working out for 40 minutes I have to pay my classmate and workout buddy Michelle $3. By working out for 40 minutes I would avoid the loss of a reinforcer (money). By setting up a performance contract I know exactly what is expected of me. I am completely aware of the behavioral contingency the occasion for the response, the response, and the outcome for that response.Since Michelle and I go to the same gym, she holds me accountable and checks with me daily if she does not see me at the gym. I report to Michelle each day before boot camp at 300pm. My weeks run Monday-Sunday, and I pay out for each grammatical case of a missed workout Monday before class. Having to give Michelle money that I would have otherwise spent at the vending machine during the class make is very aversive. I keep track of my performance of working out on a week at a glance graph, which I present to my boot camp classmates every Friday.The graph has dif ferent shapers of data points indicating the type of exercise I did. For example, I use circles for cardio, stars for weight training, and hearts if I did some(prenominal) cardio and toning. My benefits measure is my body fat percentage. I did not choose to use weight loss as a benefit measure because as I do more toning exercises, muscle is gained so my weight may not fluctuate a whole lot. Body fat is what I really want to focus on because I could care less how much I weigh if my body looks tight and tonedSo far the performance anxiety intervention has been overall pretty successful. I am making time to workout many more times per week than I have in a long time. My performance manager Michelle really motivates me to stay on top of my game, and since we go the same gym, our workout buddy system works really well. I began the intervention on June 11, 2008 and I am currently still implementing. My body fat percentage decrease quite a bit at first, then increased slightly (due to p oor eating habits).So far I have only paid out $6, which is much less than I ever thought I would have paid out at this point. I made a goal with my performance manager to hit my goal for the rest of boot camp. If I hit my goal for the remaining 3 weeks at 100% Michelle and I are treating ourselves to pedicures I have hit my goal of five days a week several times, and only had a few weeks when I did not reach five workouts per week. The first week of the intervention I started on Wednesday, so I missed a couple days to workout. Also, in week 5 I had a migraine so I excused myself from working out.I am currently in the middle of week 9 and so far have worked out three times. The only thing I would revise about this intervention is the diet aspect. I did increase my exercising however, my results were not phenomenal. I think I need to put some performance management contingencies on healthy eating as well as exercise. I feel great working out more, but I am still eating Twinkies and T aco Bell This really prevents me form losing optimum body fat Through behavior analysis (the study of the principles of behavior)

Pros and Cons of the Scholastic Aptitude Test

Why I chose this topic Should the sit down be used for college admissions? The sit has been a huge controversy for a long time, however, it wasnt until some(prenominal)(prenominal) months after educateting into college that I began to really question why its used for admission. The only answers I really got from the college board was that it is designed to assess your schoolman readiness for college and provides a path to opportunities, financial support and scholarships, in a way of life thats fair to all students. It also keeps pace with what colleges are looking for today, beat the skills required for success in the 21st century. I console was not convinced because not all those answers seemed right to me. What is the SAT So what is the SAT? The scholastic Aptitude Test is a standardized test used by college admissions. It is a timed test featuring a Critical Reading, mathematics, and writing section. Pros vs Cons of the SAT Proponents of the SAT claim that it is a great p ower to colleges as to how students will do in college since it assesses the critical thinking skills ingested. Opponents of the SAT claim that it is a poor indicator of the intelligence of the student. Why it should not be used Why should the SAT not be used?Before even getting to the components of the test, first lets labor into account the fact that a lot of people out in that respect do not have enough money for tutors or books who really need them for preparation. A lot of other people hire tutors or get a lot of books to prepare them well and therefore the preparation itself on the dot went done an unfair process. Secondly, the test is timed and we all work at different paces. There are those of us who can read really fast and get all the information down fast but there are those of us who cant read as fast but can still get down all the information genuinely well.There are those of us who can quickly think about how to format an essay but there are those of us who need more time are can still write a great essay. Therefore, the fact that it is timed definitely factors in to not being able to truly indicate how smart the student really is. The SAT is also very culturally biased in the way that there are mevery people out there who come to the United States late in their school career and barely know any English and are all of a sudden expected to have a great English vocabulary and great English reading skills just to have a chance to go to college.Once again, another reason the SAT does not truly determine the intelligence of the student. Conclusion The SAT shows how the student did on ONE test as opposed to grades, which show the student did overtime. There are many people out there who are not very good test takers and there were probably many who just did not feel themselves the day of their SAT and ended up doing worse than they were capable of. The SAT is a very biased test in a lot of aspects and should absolutely be abolished because it poo rly indicates how smart the student really is and, in several cases, how the student can perform in college.

Fundraising Letter: organising the Lent Appeal

Dear P arnts/Carers,I am delighted to inform you that we are organising the contribute Appeal once again this year. Blue Coat was founded many a(prenominal) years ago as a charity school which provided education and guidance to the poor people in and approximately Walsall. A prevalent part of the Christian faith is to treat others as you wish to be treated and at Blue Coat we strive to compass this from all pupils. As a Church of England Academy we celebrate special events in the Christian calendar, including Lent. We believe that being benevolent forms a part of our Christian philosophy, and even though there are many different faiths at Blue Coat, charitable giving is a fundamental part of all faiths.The Lent Appeal draw aims to sack as much money as possible for our chosen charity and support those in lack. We pass been raising thousands of pounds for many different charities over the past few years with the support of students, teachers and parents. Last year we accumul ated over 3,000 for the charity Islamic Relief, and this year we are hoping to tolerate even more but in order to achieve this we will need your continued support. The event will take place during the Easter time period as a commemoration of the forty days that Jesus spent in the desert making sacrifices. We remember this time by encouraging pupils to depict up their time and money just as Jesus gave up his life for others.Each year the pupils are given a voice. During a pick out they select which charity they most want to raise money for. This year the majority of the pupils nominated Water Aid. They use practical solutions to supply clean water, stiff sanitation and education to the worlds underprivileged people. In addition they try to influence education policy at national and international levels. They are presently operating in twenty seven countries mainly situated in the Africa, Asia, Pacific region and Central America continent. This specific charity a interchangeable provides safe aquatic and public health services close to peoples homes. Furthermore, their projects allow communities to attain a more robust quality of life and escape the spiral of poorness and specialise in fairness.During the Lent period we ask both parents and students to support our fundraising events and take part in extra-curricular activities that are led by teachers. We like to allow students to take ownership over raising money, with the support of their form tutors to help build self-confidence, team work skills and understanding the importance of helping others. at that place are many ways in which you can offer support firstly encourage your child to take part in all events, go steady after school events such as fashion shows and X Factor. There will also be friendly competitions between the different colleges to help raise money for Water Aid and we would like your child to take part in at least one. You can obtain further information regarding the project by eit her visiting the school website or collecting a leaflet from the school reception.Once the Lent Appeal is over, the money will be collected together by a member of staff and the total calculated. The grand total will be announced in a special church assembly with a cheque awarded to a representative of the charity. To encourage pupils to support the Lent Appeal there will also be certificates awarded to individuals, forms and colleges who have raised the most amount of money and shown a high level of commitment.I hope I have covered all of the information you need however if you would like any further details please do not hesitate to contact me. Thank you in advance for your continued support.

The Meaning of Family Photographs

The Meaning of Family Photographs By Charles Williams pic Vanek family members dance. The family is on vacation. A father takes out his point-and-shoot television camera, poses his wife and kids and takes a quick snapshot. Eventually, the photograph is filed extraneous in the family photo album. A significationless activity? Maybe not. Everyday, thousands of familyphotographs ar taken with little regard for the meaning of therecorded image. Much charge has been paid to scholars views ofdomestic life.However, relatively little attention has been paid tocultural productions, such(prenominal) as photo albums, that have been generatedby families themselves (Trend, 1992). By neglecting discussion onthis subject, scholars indicate that the al-Qaeda is not a place ofserious academic work (Trend, 1992). only if questioners increasingly argonstudying the meaning behind the photographs. April Saul won firstplace in the Feature Picture Story category at the 1992 Pictures ofthe Year co mpetition for her portrayal of the Ameri flowerpot family. Shebelieved that family struggles were an important question of journalism. I hope what it winning message is that the everyday struggles of anAmeri bunghole family be as valid in their own way as the struggles goingon in Azerbajian or Sarajevo and that the private wars next doorcan be as compelling as the bloody, public ones thousands of milesaway. Family photographs can be considered cultural artifacts becausethey document the events that shape families lives. Thus, therecording of family history becomes an important endeavor. In manycases, photographs are the only biographical material commonwealth leavebehind after they die (Boerdam, Martinius, 1980).But, the impact offamily photo albums extends beyond merely recording history. Interpretation of family structures, relationships and self ispossible done viewing family photographs. The Meaning of family photographs Interpretation of meaning behind photographs assum es that they are ameans of communication (Entin, 1979). Family photographs can tell astory. One photograph can be a mini-slice of an occurrence, still theaccumulation of pictures begins to reveal threads of consistent themesand patterns. For all practical purposes, they become an informalphoto essay.Much like family storytelling, photographs indicaterelationships within and among the family. Indeed, the family photoalbum is an easy way to initiate outsiders to family history (Boerdam,Martinius, 1980). Photographs provide an easy topic of conversationallowing potential family members, such as boyfriends or girlfriends,to be initiated into family structures and tradition. A key principleto consider when interpreting photographs is that they are produced bychoice. Choices about who, what, when and where to photograph can sayas much about the photographer as the subject.The camera does notsimply record an event but also records what the photographer choosesto see. Photographs are a st atement about ones perception of theworld. They are a ponderion and definition of self. If that personhas a happy family, then others may perceive him to be a good husbandor wife. Parents innocent snapshots are important in constructingtheir finger of identity (Merz, 1988). Traditionally, photographs havebeen taken from a male perspective. The father is close often absentfrom family photographs because he is the one who unremarkably commands say-so, poses the family and takes the picture (Trend, 1992).The family photographer isnt the only one who has authority to shape thefamily image. Other people may edit the photos. Some photographs areselected for presentation in an album while others are rejected. Control of the editorial process can be as important as control oerproduction of the photographs. Decisions regarding what to keep,throw away and let on can provide valuable information about theperson assembling the album. account of Family Portraiture Portraits of family member s originally were produced by earlypainters.Prior to the Twentieth century, family portraits were astatement of power and profession. Paintings were expensive and timeconsuming to produce, thereby limiting subject matter to heads ofstate, military leaders, royalty or other members of the public opinion class. When the daguerreotype was prominent (1840-1860), early inventors andphotographers were well respected and be farsighteded to the social elite. When the process was cheaper, people began going to photographicstudios, usually during special occasions such as weddings where aserious, dignified breeze was observed.The well-respected natureof photography, elegant studio furnishings and the knowledge that apermanent image was being created, caused the atmosphere to be tenseand the portraits to appear rigid (Boerdam, Martinius, 1980). Becausefilm speeds were relatively slow, long exposures were necessary whichrequired subjects to remain stationary for long periods of time. However, in the later half of the Nineteenth century, impressionistpainters such as Vincent Van Gogh changed the manner in which manypeople constructed family portraits.His paintings were of commonpeople in common situations causing a release from formal to informalportraiture (Halle, 1991). Similar changes began to occur in thephotographic medium during the early Twentieth century. Streetphotographers began operating around family tourist attractions. Atthe time, someer people take in a camera so it wasnt unusual to have thefamilys picture taken at the beach by such photographers. As aresult, the clothing and poses became much(prenominal) relaxed and informal andthe backgrounds became more significant. These types of photos wereforerunners to the occasional present-day family photograph.By the 1920sand 1930s, photo albums included both formal studio portraiture andcarefree vacation shots (Boerdam, Martinius, 1980). Advances intechnology increased the ability of the average person to produceinformal vacation pictures. George Eastman had introduced the firstKodak camera in 1885. You press the button, we do the rest, was thecompanys motto. Improvements continued, including introduction ofthe 35mm Leica in 1924 as well as technical advances such as smallercameras, faster films and flash. The scope of possible shootinglocations was increased with the artifice of the flash.Indoorphotography, where much of personal life is conducted, fell within therealm of the amateurish photographer. Technical capabilities beganproviding intimate access to the home. Changes in technologyparalleled changes in behavior. As more people owned cameras andbecame familiar with their workings, the photographic process becameless intimidating, and the proliferation of the equipment began changing the heart of the photographs (Boerdam, Martinius, 1980). In addition, people simply became accustomed to being photographed. This in turn produced more casual situations, hence more causalsub jects.In early photographs, the subjects were often posed, muchlike they had been for painters. The beach photographers offered amore relaxed style, but they too had the subjects stare straight intothe camera. A new kind of snapshot eventually would emerge that nowdominates photo albums. It shows a meeting of people engaged in someongoing activity, not necessarily looking at the camera. A downsidedoes exist to the proliferation of simple cameras. When they becameinexpensive and easy to use, they flourished in American union. However, trade-offs were inevitable.The overlook of need for technicalexpertise was counterbalanced by a lack of creative control. Point-and-shoot cameras are equipped with fixed-focus lenses andpre-set apertures ensuring that medium range shots are the norm(Trend, 1992). Photography has become easier and thus more popular. Everyone has the potential to take good family photographs especiallysince the introduction of color-negative film which allows moreexpos ure latitude. The subsequent rise in the lean of photos takenconfirms this fact. In the Netherlands in 1960, the number of colorphotographs taken was 600,000.In 1974, it was 103 million (Boerdam,Martinius, 1980). The easier-to-use cameras credibly have acceleratedthe use of cameras by women to photograph their children. So eventhough the number of formal, solemn occasions is decreasing, thenumber of photographs is drastically increasing. Photographicrepresentation was possible as early as 1840. Yet society wasunprepared for such a revelation. An unplanned social processdeveloped that established which aspects of community life it wasappropriate to photograph (Boerdam, Martinius, 1980). As a result,communities established norms that continue to have an effect onsubject matter.Relationships among family members and amongrelatives are less formal and less controlled by religious and otherinstitutions outside of the family than in previous generations. Theinfluence of the church has diminished in some communities therefore,ceremonies such as baptisms are less essential sources of familyrecord keeping. (Boerdam, Martinius, 1980). Although most occasionscan be photographed from a technical standpoint, social and ethicallimitations on subject matter remain. Arguments, fights, sickness,death and sex are rarely attested photographically. This hasnt ceaselessly been the case.Dead children were photographed during thenineteenth century, some propagation lying in a cradle and sometimes beingheld in their mothers arms. In Austria, so many people went to photostudios with dead children that a public wellness threat was declaredand the government prohibited the practice (Boerdam, Martinius, 1980). Very few of these photographs exist today. It is likely that as theywere passed down in subsequent generations, and viewed as being inpoor smack and destroyed. Some researchers even believe that sexphotographs are becoming less taboo (Boerdam, Martinius, 1980).Inany case, famil y albums are rarely a true and accurate depiction ofthe family. Objectivity always remains questionable. The idealized nuclear family Say cheese Its only smiles that count in photographs, states Laurie Taylor inher humorous view of the family photo album. She wonders if the blankstares in a photograph are a testament to the blissful beginning of anaffair, or evidence of its traumatic final days? Photographs offamily members often are constructed with a skewed concept of reality. They usually depict an idealized nuclear family, meaning a husband,wife and children, enjoying pleasurable moments.In her book FamilySnaps The Meanings of Domestic Photography, Patricia Holland saysThe compulsive smiles in the snapshots of today insist on theexclusive claim of the family group to provide satisfying and enduringrelationships, just as the calm dignity of earlier pictures emphasizedthe formality of family ties. The obsession with depicting thefamily as a united, happy entity is clear. In a st udy conducted byHalle, no head of the households divorced spouse appeared in any ofthe pictures, and very few photographs depicted people as unhappy orlonely. The message is clamorously and clear.Heterosexual marriage andchildren produce a fun and satisfying life. By far, most of thephotos showed the family at leisure, especially on overseas vacations. Formal pictures including those of people in dividing line suits, militaryuniforms or wedding attire did exist, but only accounted for thirtypct or less of the dis extended photographs (Merz, 1988). Likewise,occasions in which a nuclear family would fragmenticipate are depicted asfun. During the early 1960s, french sociologist Pierre Bourdieupublished a series of photographic essays that he titled Un art moyen.Bourdieu wondered why so many people wanted cameras and why thepractice of photography was so widespread. He believed it was morethan just a natural occurrence. Bourdieu concluded that similaritiesexist within family photogr aphs. In a French market survey heconducted from 1962 to 1963, he concluded that more than two-thirds ofthe amateur photographers he interviewed take their photographs almostexclusively at predictable moments. They photographed particularlyat ceremonies, meetings and holidays (Boerdam, Martinius, 1980). Seldom are the photos a complete and accurate depiction of reality.Family image, not family history is depicted in the photographs thatare displayed. study events that strongly influence peoples livesare completely ignored. One of the most obvious situations that ismissing from the family album is work or anything to do with work(Merz, 1988). This is tragic because labor-related relationships andachievements form a substantial part of peoples lives. Alsoconspicuously missing are photographs of dead children. Death andwork seem to be taboo subjects in most photo albums. Displaying photographs in the homeCelebration rituals such as weddings or Christenings are recordeddivorces and fun erals are not (Merz, 1988). Even within theserituals, the emphasis remains on the family. A study make up thatalmost all the photographs displayed in households were of familymembers (Halle, 1991). Very few photos of friends, colleagues andstrangers were present. Friends were seen in wedding photos, but theevent depicts the joyous creation of a nuclear family. The number offamily photographs that are displayed in households is surprising. Inone study, almost all households were found to display photographs(Halle, 1991).As expected, the number of photos in a household wasgreater if the occupant had children or grandchildren. Although thiswasnt surprising, other factors such as gender were found to have aninfluence on decoration of the home. It was unusual that fewerphotographs were found in homes where the head of the household was amale who held an artistic job such as photographer, architect or filmmaker than for women in similar occupations. The discrepancy may haveresulted becau se women were more interested in the social aspects ofthe photograph as oppose to the aesthetic aspects (Halle, 1991).Physical groupings also are important. Most family photographs aredisplayed in clusters. In one study, eighty-nine portion of familyphotographs were displayed in groups of four or more (Halle, 1991). Pictures are huddled together even if the people in them are not. People are very rarely presented alone. It is very rare to find aphoto of one person displayed by itself, especially when that personis an adult resident of the house. This occurred in less than onehalf of one percent of the households that were tested (Halle, 1991).Children are often depicted alone, but they are too young to beexpected to maintain meaningful relationships. Those that aremeaningful are subject to transition. Todays high divorce rate castsa shadow over the nuclear family. Thus, the method of displayingphotographs may signify the instability of modern-day relationships. Most pictures are likely to stand free on tables, dressers, mantles orother flat surfaces as opposed to walls. Only about a third of familyphotographs hang on walls. Photos that are not hung on walls are moreeasily interchanged and regrouped. Social StructureFundamental changes to American society and the family structure mayhap hampering the production of ancestral photography (Halle, 1991). The ties that once bound children to their parents are no longerpresent. Nursing homes, social security and pension plans haverelieved the youth from supporting their parents. Older people havebeen moving south to retirement communities, sometimes away from theirfamilies, so they can enjoy the warm weather. The manner in whichchildren relate to their parents has changed over the past fiftyyears, and the changing relationships may be reflected though thedisplay of photographs.Between 42 and 62 percent of households in onestudy displayed pictures of at least one parent. (Halle, 1991). Thenumbers quickly decreased as further generations were explored. Aboutten percent of households displayed a picture of at least onegrandparent, and about three percent displayed a picture of greatgrandparents. Of course, it is possible that the families may haveowned pictures but simply did not display them. Social class appearsto be a factor in the display of photographs. Differences wereobserved between albums produced by middle-class families and familiesof lower income or working classes.People with middle-classlifestyles had higher proportions of photographs of usual friends andfriends of their children than working-class families (Gardner, 1991). Presumably due to increased social ties associated with more socialprominence. Working-class family albums included more pictures of thehusbands friends than the wifes. Segregated friendship patterns arecommonly found among working-class couples where the male is in chargeof the household (Gardner, 1991). Working-class families albums wereless kin oriented, but they see each other more often causinginteraction to become more routine.As an event becomes common, it isless likely to be photographed. In addition to social classdifferences, cultural differences may be a factor in the display ofphotographs. Only one in 105 households that were included in asample displayed a school photograph of a child together withclassmates (Halle, 1991). The home was occupied by a Japanese couple. Japanese society tends to be more collective than American society. Role Behavior An examination of photo albums was made to determine if differencesoccurred in the portrayal of people as they assumed the role ofparents (Titus, 1976).Repetitive patterns in the parenting role canbe observed through photographs including feeding, holding the childand interactions with relatives. Albums were examined to determine ifthe photographs of parents after they had their first child weredifferent than those after they had subsequent children. It wasassumed that parents would become accustomed to many of the rolechanges, and the subsequent photographs would reflect these changes. Photographs of mothers caring for their first child were far moreprevalent than with subsequent children (Titus, 1976).The same wastrue of fathers. The number of solo portraits also decreased afterthe first child although this may not fix a difference inaffection toward the first born, but simply an accustomization to newroles (Titus, 1976). Both the parents and the newborn child mustlearn new behavior. Parents may not have to re-learn their behaviorwith subsequent children. Even though one spouse may be more inclinedto take photographs, both spouses were significantly represented inparenting photographs (Titus, 1976).However, most photographs werepredominately of pleasant tasks such as holding and feeding. spot itmay have been necessary to hold children in order to present them tothe camera, this wouldnt have been the case when feeding. Picturesof parents feeding children wer e far more likely to occur with thefirst child. Very few photos of unpleasant tasks such as diaperingand bathing were included in the albums. Therapeutic uses of family photographs Photographs can prove to be an invaluable source of information whenresolving personal problems.Photographs are not subject to memoryrecollection, and a persons portrayal of events can be quitedifferent from what appears in the photographs (Kaslow, 1979). Theinformation is intimate because family photographs are collected fromthe inside compared with journalistic institutions, which usuallyoperate as outsiders (Titus, 1976). Photo albums and home moviesprovide the richest sources of memories about the family (Entin,1979). They offer an intimate look at personal relationships. Psychologists recently have begun using this display of intimacy tohelp resolve family conflicts.Photographs have the power to conjureup memories, sometimes painful, of bygone years. However, the reasonthat many people take photograp hs is to preserve happy memories. Whena relationship sours, the photographs that intentionally focus onhappy moments merely exacerbate the situation. It becomes painful toview all the good times without reference to the bad. Familyphotographs now are being used as a means of therapy to discuss thesechanges in lifestyles. The technique, often referred to asphototherapy, is effective because people from all socioeconomicgroups possess photos that can be discussed.A review of familyphotographs can often prompt people to talk about family stories,goals, events and history. Not only does phototherapy help peopledeal with issues of the past, but it also helps regenerate relationships inthe present (Entin, 1979). The mere presentation of photographs canreveal much about the organization, chaos or fragmentation of apersons life. If peoples photo albums are disorganized andpartially complete, so too may be the case with their lives. Bygathering significant photos, patients often realize tha t pieces oftheir scrapbook are missing, prompting long overdue visits home.Sometherapists are using family photo reconnaissance as a means of dealingwith sexual problems (Kaslow, 1979). Desires toward spouses can beinhibited if deaths of parents, children or loved ones are not fullymourned. Kaslow has found that couples with sexual problems oftenhave a resurgence in desire after reviewing their wedding album. Problems such as female frigidity are sometimes traced back to earlyphotographs of women patients. Many times they appear sparklingclean, perfectly groomed and standing prim and proper (Kaslow, 1979).The way people feel about their bodies can be witnessed inphotographs. Baggy clothes could indicate a puritanical attitude orshame of the body leading to frigidity, impotence or infrequent sexualdesire (Kaslow, 1979). Body positioning such as slumping may indicatedepression just as an upright position could indicate confidence. Thesize and prominence of family members portraits can indicateattitudes, such as favoritism, toward those portrayed (Entin, 1979). Presentation in inappropriate locations such as the bedroom may evencause sexual inhibition.The storytelling nature of albums allowpsychologists to study patterns of photography to determine if changesin attitudes may be occurring. If a second child is photographedsignificantly more than the firstborn, psychologists may question thefamilies expectations concerning sex or attractiveness of the firstborn and whether problems such as illegitimacy, handicap ordisfigurement may play a role (Entin, 1979). In her book WaucomaTwilight Generations of the Farm, Dona Schwartz describes the mannerin which her photographs provided a context during her interviews.The photographs showed details of everyday life and the context inwhich events occurred in the community. The insight gained throughher own fieldwork and subjects responses to pictures was morevaluable than the actual content of the photographs (Schwartz, 1992) . She compared her interview process with Christopher Musellosdescription of family viewing contexts. Musello believes familydiscussion of photographs establishes a verbal context delineatingwhat should be attended to and what significances are located in theimage, (Musello, 1980).Conclusions By viewing family photographs, much can be discovered about familystructures, relationships, and the self. Family photographs primarilyserve to remind people of good times with loved ones. This isapparent as the image of the nuclear family is constantly repeated inthe photo albums of most families. Much research remains to be done inthe study of family photographs. Even though American society isobsessed with presenting the image of a happy nuclear family, moreresearch should be conducted on the portrayal of alternativelifestyles.Gay and lesbian couples, alternative families and singleparents need to have their family photographs analyzed to determine ifdiffering lifestyles significantly affec t photo content. Also, photocontent produced during transitions in relationships such as divorces,separations and blood relative rivalries needs to be studied. Additionally,content analysis of both American and foreign albums needs to beconducted to determine the degree to which cultural differences affectcontent. And finally, additional studies on the factors that affectediting decisions need to be conducted.The writings review producedmuch information on the benefits of photographic analysis topsychologists. However, there was little information on the manner inwhich other professionals, such as journalists, could use theinterpretive meaning of photographs. Historical documents, such asfamily photographs, can provide essential background information aswell as indicate important people and relationships within a story. Through my research component, I intend to discover the manner inwhich journalists use historical documents to provide story context. Because online newspapers ave the capability to provide greatercontext due to the potential inclusion of sound and video, I also planto investigate the way emerging technologies might affect presentationof contextual information. pic References Boerdam, Jaap and Warna Oosterbaan Martinius. (Oct, 1980). Family Photographs A sociological Approach, The Netherlands Journal of Sociology, v16, n2, pp. 95-119. Gardner, Saundra. (May, 1991). Exploring the Family Album Social Class Differences in Images of Family Life, Sociological Inquiry, v61, n2, pp. 242-251. Halle, David. Summer, 1991). Displaying the Dream The Visual Presentation of Family and Self in the Modern American Household, Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 22 pp. 217-229. Kaslow, Florence. (Summer, 1979). What Personal Photos Reveal About Marital depend on Conflicts, Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy, 5 pp. 134-141. Merz, Caroline. (August, 1988). Smile, please, New Statesman & Society, v1, n10, p. 42. Musello, Christopher. (1980). Studying the Hom e Mode An exploration of Family Photography and Visual Communication, Studies in Visual Communication, v6, n1, pp. 3-42. Saul, April. (August, 1992). induce stories of private wars next door, News Photographer, p. 45. Schwartz, Dona. (1992). Waucoma Twilight Generations of the Farm, Washington Smithsonian Institution Press. Taylor, Laurie. (August, 1993). Camera Obscura, New Statesman & Society, v6p. 21. Titus, Sandra L. (August, 1976). Family Photographs and Transition to Parenthood, Journal of Marriage and the Family, 38 525-530. Trend, David. (Feb, 1992). Look whos talk of the town Narratives of Family Representations, Afterimage, v19, n7, p. 8.

Stress, Dieting, and Periodontal Disease

Christine Dursunian Principles of Dental Hygiene II Professor Willis Research Paper Stress, dieting and periodontic unhealthiness and to compromised systemic health. Stress, dieting, cultural diversity, foundation of health and periodontic disorder The average person would never think that all quartette of these topics would coincide with matchless an some other. They do, each affecting the other as stepping stones towards periodontal disease. periodontal disease, including periodontal disease and gingivitis, be chronic, bacterial transmittings and inflammatory diseases affecting the periodontium ( weaves that support the teeth). periodontic diseases argon the most prevalent chronic diseases affecting children, adolescents, adults, and the elderly. The periodontium is a complex, highly specialized, shock-absorbing and pressure-sensing system consisting of four interrelated threads supporting the teeth cementum, periodontal ligament, alveolar bone and junctional and sulcular epithelia (1). Periodontal disease can affect one or many teeth. It can withal lead to progressive bone loss around teeth, which can lead to loosening and possible loss of the teeth if left untreated.There are many factors to periodontal disease that have been proven to be directly related to this growing disease, in certain populations and cultures that have been proven to stand out more than others. through and through research and advanced studies with guidelines of evaluation, filtrate and dieting has been assignn to be associated with periodontal disease(2). These additional factors involve diet, lifestyle, cultures, also including collective types of strains in ones e preciseday life. Periodontal disease is an infection of the tissues that support the teeth.These infections are associated with specific pathogenic bacteria that colonize the subgingival area. When the teeth are being supported by the gingiva the gingiva does not bandage to the tooth firmly as one might thin k. Part of the tooths anatomy consists of a shallow v-shaped gaped called the sulcus which exists between the tooth and the gingiva. Periodontal disease affects this gap causing the tissue supporting the tooth to break down. Periodontal disease transitions through different levels to become what it is.Research studies indicate that a specific set of guidelines during evaluation of the association of stress and periodontal disease are important. When proposing experimental approaches, specifically in psychosocial stress and periodontal disease present studies and future experiments show the next six factors to be very(prenominal) useful. Periodontal disease is measured as unique disease outcome and should not be included in a composite index with other viva voce diseases(3). Validated instruments are assessed for stress, distress, and copying behaviors.These helpful instruments, validated by prior studies, also on the population for each applied for research. Indications of complia nce with viva voce health organization system should measure at-risk behaviors. Including oral health behaviors much(prenominal) as preventive dental visits, regulations of oral hygiene regimens, and an assessment of brass instrument, gingivitis, and other alive disease. By rigorously establishing psychosocial factors such as stress distress, and coping behaviors are true risk factors for periodontal disease case studies and case-control series generate hypotheses (4).These hypotheses are over large cross-sectional and longitudinal epidemiological studies. Studies in which mechanisms of psychosocial stress or distress show the application of periodontal disease The necessity to show affinity and correlation of applying different assessments such as biochemical mediators of stress, immune functions, or neurological and endocrine alterations as well as behavioral changes are significant in these cases(5). Lastly are randomized controlled trial methodology, the intervention of stu dies using stress management to establish efficacy of modification of stress as modality of stress-associated disease.Managing these controlled trials allows to reduce stress or distress. Periodontal disease has been associated for years with risk factors such as oral environment, age, female hormones, family factors, smoking and nicotine, and diseases associated with periodontal disease. When discussing oral environment the first issue that comes to mind is lack of oral hygiene. Lack of oral hygiene encourages bacterial buildup and plaque formation, which puts the oral cavity into a very susceptible position for periodontal disease.Inadequate contoured restoration has also created rise to periodontal disease for its restorations of fillings and crowns. By poor dentistry the restorations help trap for debris and plaque because of its defect in contour. Anatomical tooth abnormalities are influential risk factors just as poor restorations would be, because of these abnormalities the t eeth are not aligned in their born(p) state causing food particles to build up to the ladder of periodontal disease causing plaque and bacteria formation. Lastly would be the anatomy of the three molars, also known as the wisdom teeth.This tooth especially is a known to be a major breeding ground for bacteria, by reason of its mending and patients finding difficulty reaching posteriorly to the mouth while brushing. Other studies of this particular tooth show the unique tissues surrounding this molar region has been destructed of the plaque formation and the tissue becoming more sensitive when the third molar is meeted, meaning when the tooth is wedged between another tooth and the jaw. Next commonly associated risk factor with periodontal disease is age.Another problem in aging, comes the increase of obtaining periodontal disease. Studies have shown that thirty percent of the adults in America have periodontal disease and mostly found in people over the age of seventy years old, eighty-six percent have periodontitis (6). Rare cases it has been shown for young adolescents who are subjected to this disease. Adding to this is family factors, periodontal disease a great deal occurs to members of the same family. A mixture of factors belong to this title, such as intimacy, genetics and hygiene.A considerably important factor is smoking and nicotine. Being the most significant factor, causing bone loss and gingival recession and inflammation by reducing the amount of oxygen present in the gingiva tissue. When nicotine combines with oral bacteria, the production levels expectations are greater. Lastly are diseases associated with periodontal disease, such as diabetes, type one and two, osteoporosis, herpes related gingivitis, human immunodeficiency virus associated with gingivitis, autoimmune disease (7).Others diseases of genetic disoblige are also at high risk for periodontitis. Contemporary conceptualization of the stress process supports the evaluation of s tress at three levels. Stressors, moderating and mediating factors, and stress reactions. These three factors have emphasized the process and the unity stress can have on periodontal disease, including emotions and coping(8). These stress responses would be determined primarily by the process that makes personalized perception of a stress indicator or a threat to ones health.The aim of each study is to unfold influential factors such as personality traits, coping strategies, and experimentation of referenced information (9). The resolution of all studies suggested that depression, stress, and salivary cortisol are important correlates of periodontal disease. Therefore, it is likely that periodontitis is related to immunologic and behavioral changes related to psychologic states. Salivary cortisol seemed to have different associations with periodontal disease, because of the outcomes in models involving stress compared to models involved with depression.Periodontitis is indicated whe n addressing depression or stress. By strongly suggesting that stress, distress, and inadequate ways of handling difficult situations of coping are important risk indicators for periodontal disease. Furthermore, it is likely that systemic disease associated with periodontal disease such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, preterm delivery and osteoporosis may share psychosocial stress as a common risk factor.During these early beginnings of study and research, requirement for one to fully understand the molecular and cellular basis of the role of stress, and in turn these studies may lead to effective intervention strategies that minimize or deviate stress as a contributor to periodontal disease. Research has also proven within certain limitations this systematic review showed a positive relationship between stress and psychosocial factors and periodontal disease.However, caution should be used when interpreting this review because the different methodologies used in the included studies may have an impact on the results of the reports. The difficulties inherent is isolating the variable of stress, the lack of a reliable standardize psychological analysis to quantify and define most psychiatric disturbances, the individualist ability of patients to cope with negative life events, and the different types and clinical parameters used to determine periodontal tissue breakdown may cat as a confounding biases and cause result distortion at several stages. lthough a positive relationship was observed between stress and periodontal disease, further exercise research is need to determine the impact of stress and psychological factors as risk factors for periodontal disease. Reference Ng SKS, Leung WK. A community study on the relationship between stress, coping, affective dispositions and periodontal attachment loss. Community Dental Oral Epidemiol 2006 24 252-66 Page RC, Kornman KS. The pathogenesis of human periodontitis an introduction. Periodontol 2000 1997 14 9-11 Robert J. Genco, Alex W. Ho, Jeffrey Kopman, Sara G. Grossel, Robert G.Dunford and Lisa A. Tedesco. Models to Evaluate the quality of Stress in Periodontal Disease. Department of Oral Biology, Periodontal Disease Research Center, School of Dental Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo. Vol. 3, No 1, 288-302 July 1998. Amy E. Rosania, Kathryn G. Low, Cherly M. McCormick, and David A. Rosania. Stress, Depression, Cortisol, and Periodontal Disease. Department of Psychology, Bates College, Lewiston, ME. record 80, Number 2260-266 February 2009. Breivik T, Thrane PS, Murison R, Gijermo P. Emotional stress effects on immunity, gingivitis, and periodontitis.Eur J Oral Sci 1996 104327-334 Green LW, Tyron WW, Marks B, Juryun J. Periodontal disease as a function of life-events stress. J Human Stress 19861232-6 Annsofi Johannsen, Gunnar Rylander, Birgitta Soder, and Marie Asberg. Dental Plaque, Gingival Inflammation, and Elevated Levels of Interleukin-6 and Cortisol in Gingi val Crevicular Fluid From Women with stress-related Depression and Exhaustion. Volume 77 November 8 2006 771403-1409 Genco RJ, Ho AW, Grossi SG, Dunford RG, Tedesco LA. Relationship of stress distress and inadequate coping behaviors to periodontal disease.J Periodontol 199970711-23 Daiane C. Peruzzo, Bruno B. Benatti, Glaucia M. B. Ambrosano, Getullo R. Nogueria-Fiho, Enilson A. Sallum, Marcio Z. Casati, and Franciso H. Nociti Jr. A Systematic round off of Stress and Psychological Factors as Possible Risk Factors for Periodontal Disease. Volume 78- Number 8. 2007781491-1504 Kaufman E, Lamster IB. Analysis of saliva for periodontal diagnosis- A review. J Clin Periodontal 2000 27 453-465 Arowojolu MO, Onyeaso CO, Dosumu EB, Idaboh GK. Effect on academic stress on periodontal health 2006299-13

Chemistry is a Part of Life Essay

For you to understand my personal importance placed on alchemy, you would first need to understand who I am in quote to chemistry. So for starters I am a Christian, second a human, third a survivor, and fourth a biochemist. These separate are what make chemistry in person burning(prenominal).Now that you know who I am in reference to chemistry, I now explain for understanding purposes why. As a Christian chemistry is an important part to me. I can only explain the significance using Genesis 27 And the Lord divinity formed man of the patter of the anchor and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life, and man became a living being, (2011). Chemistry is all around us, in the air, the ground, and in the body. God took the elements in the form of atoms from the ground and used them to form man he also used them to put life or air into the nostrils of man.I could only imagine the amount and types of elements God placed into the form of man. And because of scientific advances you and I could somewhat grasp the idea that 96% of the mass of the human body is made of four elements oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen with a lot of that in the form of water, (Schirber, 2009). However in the human body we dont look at them as single elements but as elements wrapped up into a compound, (Schirber, 2009). The human consumes these same elements from the foods from the ground and the food from animals on the Earth. So clich, you are what you eat. As a human this aspect of chemistry allows me to become a survivor.As a human I was able to survive, and through chemistry my survival has been sustained. This started June of 1992, I was not even a socio-economic class old and as a toddler I was active, however my body would not allow me to play for extended periods of time like most toddlers. As a human my body was using its chemical signals to alert my brain that not enough oxygen was reaching other organs and such, so it strained me to rest more often than most. Late r in June of 1993, my parents were told that I would need repair surgery for my heart valve.It seemed that my heart acquired a whole after seamline that did not close as I aged, and with being an active toddler I put a strain on the whole opening devising it increase in size as I engaged in physical activities. This damaged my mitral valve (the main valve to allow blood into the heart), and when doctors opened up for surgery they realized the extent of the damage on the mitral valve it was beyond repair. Already for surgery the doctor made a quick and biologically estimable decision to replace my lost heart valve with a titanium prosthetic heart valve. Reason for being a biologically sound decision is due to titaniums medical benefits (Schank, 2012)* Strong* Lightweight* Corrosion Resistant* Biocompatible (non-toxic AND not rejected by the body)* Long-lasting* Non-ferromagnetic* Flexibility and elasticity rivals that of human tuskThis is when chemistry met biology for me. And 18 yrs. and 7 months after my surgery I am still ticking the sound made by the titanium parts opening and closing as my heart beats. My biochemical encounter not only saved my life, but it also sustains it through the use of medicine that support my blood in passing through the titanium mechanism. Mechanical valves, which are made of biomaterials, may last a long time. However the patient with a mechanical valve must use an anticoagulant medication such as warfarin (Coumadin, Panwarfin) for the rest of life to prevent blood clots from forming on the valve.If a blood clot forms on the valve, the valve wont work properly. If a clot escapes the valve, it could lodge in an artery to the brain, blocking blood flow to the brain and make a stroke, (Yi-Ren Woo, Carlos Rosario, and Prof. Pablo Cceres 2003).This is where chemistry, along with biology influenced me to become a biochemist. And my reason for choosing that profession is some on needs to come up with a way to make warfarin tast e better as well as all the other cough and cold medicines for adults as well as children.So reader with this I hope you are able to understand that to me CHEMISTRY is IMPORTANT, because without it my life would not have begun, continued, or still sustaining today.Work CitedSchank, Craig. titanium The Medical Metal of Choice. Titanium SpecialistSuperAlloy.com. Super Alloy Inc. 2012. Web. 26 Apr. 2012. . Schirber, Michael. The Chemistry of Life The Human Body. Live Science. 16 Apr. 2009.Web. 26 Apr. 2012. . THE HOLY BIBLE. young INTERNATIONAL VERSION, NIV. Biblica, Inc. 2011. Print. Woo, Yi-Ren Carlos Rosario and Prof. Pablo Cceres. BIOMECHANICS OF MECHANICAL HEART VALVE. Applications of Engineering Mechanics in Medicine. December 2003. Web. 26 Apr. 2012. .

Leadership Styles and Their Effect on CEOs Essay

AbstractThe purpose of this essay is to analyze, compare, and contrast the leadership styles of two influential CEOs. I have collected information from many internet sources that elaborate on the life, achievements, and misfortunes of Jack Welch and Steve Jobs, and how they overcame their obstacles to become the scoop out CEOs of all time.Leadership Styles and Their operation on CEOsLeadership is a process by which a soul influences others to accomplish an objective and directs the organization in a way that makes it more cohesive. Jack Welch and Steve Jobs exemplify the lawful meaning of what a leader is. Their personality traits of being conscientious easy to experiences, extroversion, persistent, and passionate has led them to be the most phenomenal visionary leaders of their time. Jack Welch was the chairman and CEO of General Electric in the midst of 1981 and 2001. During his duration at GE, he managed to introduce a fresh and innovative leadership style. Welch developed a ranking system that put employees in ane of three categories.The top 20 percent were stars, the snapper 70 percent were the crucial majority, and the bottom 10 percent were weeded out (Bloomberg, 1998). I admire and powerfully agree with Welchs counseling approach of making employees accountable. If you are hired to perform a job, then expecting results of a certain quality is justified. In addition, I believe that Welchs passion for productiveness and results allowed him to achieve effective performance management within his company.Results create success, and I believe most peck tend not to raise their standards high enough if there are not serious repercussions that follow, much(prenominal) as being dismissed for not providing results. Welch most notable achievement was increasing the market take to be of the General Electric firm. As CEO he increased it from approximately $12 billion when he took over, to a colossal $505 at the time of his retirement (Management, 2012). He managed to make GE the worlds second largest company with a market capitalization that was wholly exceeded by Microsoft. Through hard ca-ca and perseverance Welch managed to attain legendary status of being one of the greatest CEOs of all time.Leadership Styles and Their Effect on CEOsSteve Jobs was an entrepreneur, co-founder, chairman, and CEO of apple Inc. As the CEO of the company, Jobs covered the development of the iMac, iPod, iPhone, and iPad, and on the services array the companys Apple Retail Stores, iTunes store, and the App store. The success of these products under Jobs provided stable years of financial return, and propelled Apple to become the worlds most valuable publically traded company. The reinvigoration of the company is regarded by commentators as one of the greatest turnarounds in business history (Gallo, 2011). Jobs was a one-in-a-billion innovator with a bulldog mentality.He created a vision and relentlessly drove it into completion. Jobs was a demandi ng perfectionist who always aspired to position his business and products at the forefront of the technology industry by understanding and setting trends with innovation and style. His reputation was built on being a brutal force and often destroyed staff for their bozo ideas and typically shrugged off his associates suggestions in respect of his own gut instinct. Moreover, he only wanted what he called A-players. Meaning that they had to be brilliant and he insisted that under the threat of being fired, that they would never reveal any of Apples secrets inside or outside of the organization (Juarez, 2011).In summary, both Welch and Jobs are extraordinary leaders who demonstrate charismatic and transformational leadership styles. They both have very similar qualities in wanting to produce results. However, they differ because Welchs management style was cut throat in the sense of firing employees who did not perform. Yet, he was still open to the ideas of managers and employees, a nd empowered them. On the other hand, Jobs leadership style is regarded as unconventional and being a dictator, who only listens to his own intuition.ReferencesBloomberg, L,P. (6/28/2012). How Jack Welch Runs GE. Business Week. Retrieved November 20, 2012, from http//www.businessweek.com/1998/23/b3581001.htm Gallo, F. (3/17/2012). What Kind of Leader Was Steve Jobs? Calypso Consulting. Retrieved November 20, 2012, from http//www.chinacalypso.com/ content/what-kind-leader-was-steve-jobs Juarez, A. (10/5/2011). A Different Kind of Leader. Studying Systems for a Humane and Sustainable World. Retrieved November 20, 2012, from http//saybrook.typepad.com/complexity/2011/10/a-different-kind-of-leader-steve-jobs-1955-2011.html Management Strategies From A Top CEO. (4/16/2010). Retrieved November 20, 2012, from http//www.investopedia.com/articles/financial-theory/10/manage-business-like-jack-welch.aspaxzz2CpmsLsRK

Critical Thinking Assignment Essay

Secular Humanism regarding the question of origin, seems to lean toward the determination that military issue has always existed and given enough time and chance, the end result is what you see around you today. (Weider, Gutierrez 64). There is a lack of evidence that God exists and man is viewed rather as a machine, having no control oer their existence and once mans life has come to an end, this machine ends (65). Humanists answer questions of identity by believing that, mankind is a product of evolutionary forces (66). Mankind is viewed as a more tenuous animal, however mankind is not of higher quality over the animal kingdom. The answers to the question of meaning or purpose is, at best, answered on the basis of his or her importance (68). It is up to him or her to give any true benefit to their life, by making an impact in their life (69). Through this, they be equal to make a clear and confident impact in other kind beings life.However, since man is a machine and ultima tely not in control of what happens, life cannot have any real quantify or significance. (69). Morality and ethics asks what is morally and ethically right versus wrong and how a human being should live, then God must exist to deliver what is right and wrong (71). That being so, secular secular humanism does not believe in a God, and nor does He exist. Secular Humanists believe that there is no domineering trueness, and relies heavily on the fact that truth is dependent upon the individual or society and is relegate to change (71). Secular Humanism is not worried about the question of destiny. Once a human being has passed on, all that matters is what they did do on this earth and making a difference in another persons life (73).The Biblical/Christian worldview, in comparison to secular humanism on the question of origin, is through theism. (65). Through God, and under one God, everything exists. eon the secular humanist has no notion in God and man has no control much like a machine, theism believes God is the offshoot cause, the answer to why there is something rather than nothing (65). The question of identity through secular humanism believesmankind and the animal kingdom are of equal value, the Biblical/Christian worldview believes that mankind is above the animals, and we are responsible to take care of them (69).While secular humanists place man and his purpose through impacting others in their lives, the Biblical/Christian worldview believes our purpose is having a personal relationship with God and His Son, Jesus Christ (70). While secular humanists have no mutual agreement on the question of morality, and reject the absolute truth, and depends on our society, the Biblical/Christian worldview bases morality or ethics through Special Revelation (72). The select for redemption must take place as we were all born in sin, and we can except be saved through Jesus Christ (72). Mankind is not concerned with destiny, through a secular humanist belief . Whereas, the Biblical/Christian worldviews on destiny is dependent upon a persons choices and their personal relationship with God (75).Works CitedDr.Weider, Lew and Dr. Ben Gutierrez. Consider. 2013. Print.

A visit to Subir Raha Oil Museum at ONGC Essay

As a part of the curriculum of the programs offered at UPES, the students of first semester MBA vigour Trading and MBA Oil & Gas were taken to Subir Raha Oil Museum, ONGC in Dehradun. Being the students of the petroleum labor, this visit gave us a rich and holistic picture well-nigh how oil it is created in the nature, how various methods are use to detected it, the various challenges which the labor faces during its extraction and processing, how oil is refined and finally how it is effectively distributed via various means. on with all this, the visit also gave us an in depth picture on how an oil industry functions around all these areas. We learnt about the intrinsic details of drilling & refining of oil and also about how the life is in offshore drilling platforms like the Jack-Up Rig, through video films. Accompanied with our cogency Dr. Somya Sharma, Course Coordinator of MBA Energy Trading, the students were very excited to know the details of the oil industry which in th is museum, was show in innovative ways and with various working models which real grasped our attention.All in all, the visit was enriching and brought us closer to the industry. ONGC is the foremost exploration and production company in India. It is responsible for most of the exploration effort, constituted reserves and oil and gas production in India. ONGC possesses the fiscal, technical and managerial strength to rank as a world-class oil and gas company. Describing their Museum in detail, it was inaugurated on 14th August 2005. Earlier it was The central office of the Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Limited and this was set up in Tel Bhawan also cognize as Patiala House, at Dehradun in 1956. The place was once the palace of the maharaja of Patiala house and was brought by ONGC for an add up of INR 6 lakhs.The museum is divided into different sectors of the oil industry. First section told us about what oil is and its coarse history. It refreshed our knowledge on how oil is formed on earth, the various grades of oil found in different places and how it gets deposited in various traps in the earths crust. We also saw a Foucault pendulum which shows the tangible fact of earths endless rotation about its axis. In this section, in that location were samples of different types of sensitive oil and several(prenominal) charts explaining their qualities at different temperature and the viscosityeffect they exhibit while transporting the respective arrant(a) oil. The second section gave us an insight on the exploration and production of oil.Here we were shown scaled vanquish models of various types of rigs and the ships used by ONGC for the E&P activities. These models were enclosed in aquariums with exotic fishes in it, which really fascinated us. Third section told us about the transportation methods and refining technologies used in this industry. An extensive description was provided about various IT technologies used by the ONCG in every aspect of their activities. After that in that location were several kiosks set up which explained about the different distillates accommodateed from the crude oil and the various catalysts used to obtain those distillates. A beautiful working model was also present which depicted the cracking of the crude.After the preceding(prenominal) technical section, we came across an exhibit which showed the several of the ONGCs refineries both existing and upcoming, marked on a detailed map of our country. on that point were also several charts explaining the various safety policies and the extreme measures which the ONGC takes in target to protect their employees and the environment. We were also given an insight into the future plans and goals of ONGC, wherein they are planning to venture into the field of several new fuel types like the coal bed methane, gas hydrates under the ONGC VIDESH LTD program.The rest of the section told us about the infrastructure of ONGC, the vast assets and basins they own and the several services they provide in petroleum industry. There was an attractive display of how the oil industry had influenced the world of philately in various nations. And also, there was an frightful exhibits of fossils from pre historic era and an amazing collection of unique rocks like the flexible rock Itacolumite.Outside the museum, there was a incredible display of several types of drill bits, a christmas tree, several types of blow out preventer, a coiled tubing unit, a sucker rod pump and a thumper truck. All of this, not plainly makes this museum, the first compressive museum on oil in the entire nation but also a pioneering ecology of the oil industry in the entire sub-continent. It was a cornucopia of information on oil industry from which the students of the MBA Energy trading and MBA Oil & Gas immensely benefited from.

Pennfoster essay Essay

Answer Questions 14 in one or two sentences.Question 1 is based on the following paragraph.A trip to the ocean fag be a relaxing operate from the everyday pressures of life. A sailboat glistening on the horizon provides a mental escape to faraway places. The rhythm of the ocean beating against the sand is sedating music to a troubled mind. A slow, pacify breeze keister relax your tensions. You should always be careful to avoid overexposure to the sun at the beach. 1. instance the sentences that answer the following questionsa. What sentence is the military issue sentence of the paragraph?A trip to the ocean can be relaxing escape from everyday pressures of life is the topic sentence of the paragraph. b. What sentence is unrelated to the topic and can be eliminated? You should always be careful to avoid overexposure to the sun at the beach can be eliminated. The topic is rough relaxing from everyday pressures of life. 2. List quaternion things to look for when youre proofread ingWhen proofreading the four things you should look for are Misspelled words, improper punctuation, wrong usage of sentence structure and tense agreement 3. have intercourse the following two stepsa. Define the term clich.Clich is an expression or idea that has lost its originality. b. make unnecessary one sentence that contains a clich.Even while the phrase was degenerating to clich in ordinary public apply . . . scholars were giving it increasing attention4. Name and explain two types of prewriting.Brainstorming is jotting down thoughts and ideas about a topic before writing. Idea web is creating lists or webs of related words and ideas in society to organize your thoughts before writing 5. train one of the topics listed below and write a five-sentence paragraph use chronological order b. Writing a paper takes longanimity and time.Writing a paper takes patience and time because you must first plan the paper by using form of prewriting. The forms of prewriting are brainstorm ing,webbing, forfeit writing, and clustering. Before you start your first draft you need to use a method of planning whatever method youre most comfortable with to organize your idea. When you complete your rough draft, you must divulge your work, this is called proofreading. When proofreading you check for punctuation, spelling errors, and sentence structure and adding new sentences where theyre needed. The final step in presenting a genuine piece of writing is to revise your rough draft, and move onto a final draft, which is the draft you present to your audience. 6. Choose one of the following topics. Write an eight-sentence paragraph that fully develops the topic. A high schooling parchment is classic to my future because college admissions counselors and potential employers usually wont consider you unless you have one. Having a high school parchment well increase my image.Having a high school diploma will increase my acquaintance in daily living skills and increase my knowledge in academics. Having a high school diploma will set a great example for younger children. Having a high school diploma will help me be successful and build correct character. My future depends upon my ability to earn a good income. That means that I will need my high school diploma to get me into a good college so I can get a career and earn a good income.

Marketing Management and Market Orientation Essay

People are exposed to marketing in near everything and they can see the results of marketing in the advertisements on television, internet, and so on and in the abundance of many another(prenominal) an(prenominal) products. So marketing can be define as an area that has been evolved over time and its function is a set of activities that includes understand, deliver, create and communicate about a product or service to customers, clients. match to The Chartered Institute of merchandise marketing is The management process responsible for identifying, anticipating and satisfying customer requirements fruitfully (The Chartered Institute of foodstuffing). Among the management functions like organizing, financing and producing, marketing is recognized as a bouncy function by many companies. In the opinion of Prf. Rustom S. Davar Marketing Management is the discovering of the consumers needs, converting them into the products or service to the eventual(prenominal) consumer, so tha t needs of specific categories or groups of the customers could be so satisfied that by the most comfortable utilization of the resources, the could derive the maximum benefits (Mundra, 2010). Physical and psychological factors are the main focus in the Marketing Management, also motivate, coordinate, control and direct are one of the principal resposibility to achieve marketing management goals. coiffure the Market orientation courseNaver and Slater (1990) define Market Orientation as the culture that most efficaciously and efficiently creates the necessary behaviours for the creation of superior value for buyers. They measure the extent of market orientation by means of the behaviours that are the manifestations of those values. These authors define three basic components as customer orientation, competition orientation and inter-functional coordination (Naver, 1995). Market Orientation is the business motivation within a company, because it is focus on identify and provide t he needs and wants of a target customer, this includes develop new products or improve on exist products. The purpose of marketing orientation is to create superior buyer value that is the reason why all the decisions are based on information about the customers needs or wants instead of think what is good for the business.Reflect on the Market Orientation and Management of an organisation you are aware of. Louis Vuitton has established in the market place with its throw identity LV a brand recognized as one of the most luxurious and more than exclusive brand in the fashion industry. Its marketing strategy is to provide their customers with the most luxurious products with a unique quality, which may the customers, choose between buying a Louis Vuitton or nothing. The way that LVMH (Louis Vuitton Mot Hennessy) Group manages its market orientation and management pull aheads the company enjoys a distinctive position in the belligerent landscape. Louis Vuitton products are set by 18 principles such as Principle of Ostentation, Principle of Prohibiting Unfavorable Comparisons designed to Support Other Brands, etcetera (Nagasawa, 2008). As well, has no policy of make rebate in their products in order to keep a higher perception of its products. All its products have a purpose and it is to make the customers feel part of a social reference group, a social status that is why many of its models campaign are famous celebrities in order to make customers feel part of that group.To keep the luxuriousness and exclusivity of the brand they work with famous interior designers such as Marc Jacobs, Stephen Sprouse, to create trammeled editions that are offered to the upper class. or so of this collaboration has completely forgotten the famous pattern LV that was the case of Kasuma a Japanese designer who is famous for its repetitive dots. Louis Vuitton creates a high loyalty with their customers by offering products with the maximum quality creating an undated desire in LV products. Also providing lifetime guarantee for its products. LV keep working with the engine room by continuous work on improvement of quality also create a quick apps so their customer can enjoy the experience by distance. They dont have limit on how much they would invest in pleasing their customers from adequate their stores to please their customer to designs everything to keep customers and acquiring more.